What is the best formula to feed a baby

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There’s not one brand or type of formula that’s universally best for all babies. And all infant formulas you’ll find sold in the United States have to go through the same nutritional and safety testing via the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

That doesn’t mean all formulas are the same, though. Some babies may do great with one brand or type; others not so much. It all comes down to finding what settles best with your baby.

You can find formula in three forms: powdered, liquid concentrate, and ready-to-eat. Powdered and liquid concentrate must be mixed with water before feeding to your baby. Ready-to-eat bottles contain liquid formula that’s already diluted with the appropriate amount of water.

Beyond that, the choices revolve around the formula’s content. Most formulas are made from cow’s milk, but you can also find soy and protein hydrolysate formulas for babies who have certain intolerances or allergies. Goat’s milk baby formula is another option.

No matter which you choose, it’s important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions on how to mix the formula. Diluting the formula with too much water can decrease the nutritional value, and it can lead to electrolyte imbalances that can cause seizures. Meanwhile, adding too little water can harm a baby’s delicate organs.

Breast milk vs. formula

Breast milk is the ideal food for babies. Both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the World Health Organization recommend breastfeeding exclusively for the first 6 months of life.

That said, not all parents breastfeed, whether by necessity or choice — and it is a personal decision. For more on the subject, read:

• guide to breastfeeding
• benefits of breastfeeding
• breastfeeding vs. formula
• World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations
• the AAP on breastfeeding and baby’s immune system

• Best baby formula for colic: Gerber Good Start SoothePro Powder Infant Formula
• Best baby formula for reflux: Enfamil A.R. Infant Formula
• Best baby formula for gas: Enfamil Gentlease Infant Formula
• Best baby formula for constipation: Enfamil Reguline Infant Formula
• Most similar to breast milk: Similac 360 Total Care Non-GMO Infant Formula Powder
• Best baby formula for preemies: Similac NeoSure
• Best baby formula for allergies: Enfamil Nutramigen with Enflora LGG Powder Infant Formula
• Best organic baby formula: Earth’s Best Organic Sensitivity Infant Formula
• Best plant-based baby formula: Gerber Good Start Soy Powder Infant Formula
• Best budget baby formula: Up&Up Advantage HMO Infant Formula

When we select the “best” options, we aren’t saying that one brand has necessarily been proven better or more effective than all the others. In fact, this isn’t true at all.

A comprehensive review of formula feeding in American Family Physician reveals that there’s no reason to recommend one formula brand over another. Instead, they’re described as “nutritionally interchangeable.”

So, in making this list, the following formulas earn high marks from parents for things like helping baby’s tummy issues, ease of use, store availability, and overall value.

Your baby may do well on one formula and not another due to reasons that are very individual and hard to pin down. As always, we recommend speaking with your pediatrician if you have concerns about your baby’s nutrition or digestion.

So what else should you be looking for in infant formula?

Well, the good news is that in the U.S., infant formulas are required to meet FDA nutritional standards. Baby formulas made in Europe are required to meet the European Food Safety Agency standards. So any formula you choose should meet the minimum nutritional requirements for your baby.

The FDA requires minimum amounts of 29 key nutrients and gives maximum quantities for 9 of the nutrients required in baby formulas.

The key nutrients a baby needs are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. There will also be a bunch of vitamins and micronutrients, such as iron (crucial for development), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (beneficial for brain health), lutein (beneficial for eyes), prebiotics/probiotics (for digestive and immune health), and choline (beneficial for the nervous system).

There are some key things to look for as you’re choosing a formula:

• The ingredient list: The front label can say almost anything the company wants it to and isn’t actually that helpful when choosing a formula. The ingredients, especially the first few, will tell you the most.
• Type of protein: What type of protein is the base for the formula — cow’s milk, soy milk, or goat’s milk?
• Size of the protein: Standard formulas made with cow’s milk or soy milk have big proteins that are a little harder for many babies to digest. Partially hydrolyzed proteins are smaller, while fully hydrolyzed proteins are the smallest. Partially and fully hydrolyzed protein formulas are closer to the size of proteins found in breast milk, and are often labeled “gentle” or “hypoallergenic.” Fully hydrolyzed protein formulas are usually only necessary in the case of severe allergies or digestive issues, so check with your doctor before going this route.
• Type of carbohydrate: The main types are lactose (the sugar found in milk, including human breast milk), sucrose (table sugar), and glucose (corn syrup, brown rice syrup, glucose syrup, and maltodextrin).
• A broken seal: If the seal on the container is broken or missing, you should not purchase, or should return, that container of formula, as it could be contaminated.
• Product recalls: Periodically check for product recalls before purchasing formula.
• Expiration date: Check the container before purchasing (and before using if you have a stash built up).
• Preparation instructions: Double-check the preparation instructions, especially if you’re switching to a new formula. This is particularly important if you are switching to a European formula, as the units of measurement may be different.
• Pediatrician’s expertise: Always check with your pediatrician if there’s a formula you want to use that seems very niche or off-market, has significantly fewer nutrients (check the nutrition info label) than other formulas, or you have any concerns about choosing a formula.

A note about the baby formula shortages

Due to supply chain issues secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as recent safety recalls from major formula companies, many baby formulas are currently out of stock. It is much more difficult to find the variety and quantity of baby formulas that used to be available.

If you are struggling to find the baby formula you need, try giving your pediatrician’s office a call. They may have sample cans available or be able to advise you on the closest match for your baby’s formula. Other resources may include your local WIC office (a federal assistance nutrition program for women, infants, and children), social media infant feeding groups, or large online grocery retailers.

If your baby isn’t on a specialty formula for metabolic disorders, they should be able to safely switch between formula types. If you are unsure whether the type of formula you found is right for your baby, give your pediatrician a call.

While it may be tempting, the FDA and AAP both strongly advise against making homemade baby formulas.

Price guide

• $ = under $1 per ounce
• $$ = $1 – $2 per ounce
• $$$ = Over $2 per ounce

Best baby formula for colic

Unfortunately, there’s no solid evidence to suggest that a certain formula is a solution to colic. Most medical experts agree that colic is most likely caused by a combination of infant temperament and environment.

However, some babies (up to 7% of formula-fed babies, according to this 2016 study) do have a cow’s milk protein allergy that contributes to their crying. A true allergy will usually be accompanied by other symptoms such as runny or bloody stools or chronic nasal congestion.

If you’re at your wit’s end trying to help soothe your baby, it may not hurt to try a different formula, such as one with a more easily digestible form of protein. Check in with your pediatrician. If your baby does have a cow’s milk protein allergy, a hydrolyzed (hypoallergenic) formula may provide them with a lot of relief.

Typically, colic tends to ease up between your baby’s 4- and 6-month birthday. Even though colic can be incredibly challenging as a parent, there is light at the end of the tunnel.

Gerber Good Start SoothePro Powder Infant Formula

Price: $$

Key features: Gerber claims that Good Start SoothePro has the “gentleness of breast milk” and helps with anything from excessive crying episodes to fussiness and gas. It contains just 30% lactose, which the brand says may ease baby’s stomach (though research into this is lacking, and lactose is actually the same sugar found in human breast milk). It also contains a blend of prebiotics and probiotics.

Considerations: Parents generally like this formula, but some feel it can be a bit clumpy and hard to dissolve in the bottle. A few say that SoothePro smells bad and that their babies don’t love the taste and occasionally refuse to drink it.

Pros

• easy to find in stores (although current shortage issues may change this)
• prebiotic and probiotic blend may help with digestion
• claims to be very gentle on baby tummies

Cons

• can be clumpy and challenging to mix
• unpleasant smell and taste for some babies
• low lactose

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Best baby formula for reflux

Is spit-up becoming more than just a laundry issue in your house? Formula-fed babies actually have higher rates of reflux than breastfed babies. These issues tend to peak around the 4-month mark.

There are formulas on the market that are thickened by rice. They may help decrease the frequency of spit-ups but should be used with the guidance of your pediatrician, as it’s not always recommended.

Enfamil A.R. Infant Formula

Price: $$

Key features: As with other thickened formulas, Enfamil’s A.R. formula contains rice starch to help thicken and settle better in baby’s stomach. The manufacturers of this formula supported a study in 2003 that showed it can reduce babies’ spit-up episodes by up to 50%. Anecdotally, many grandmothers will also tell you that they added rice cereal to their baby’s bottles to reduce spit-up “back in the day”.

Considerations: You’ll want to speak with your pediatrician before offering thickened formula to your baby. While some parents swear this is the best formula they’ve ever tried, others share that this mix really didn’t help their baby’s spit-up issue enough. A thickened formula could be more difficult for certain babies to digest.

Some parents may also be tempted to add rice cereal to bottles to thicken the formula, but this is not recommended due to safety concerns like choking, allergies, and excessive weight gain.

Pros

• may reduce incidence of spit-up or reflux pain in infants with gastroesophageal reflux (GER), which can have a big impact on quality of life for the family
• no known long-term risks to adding rice starch to infant formula

Cons

• may not help some babies
• could be more difficult for some babies to digest

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Best baby formula for gas

Those toots might be cute at first. But your baby may have a lot of discomfort with gas. Keep in mind that severe gas may be a sign of allergy or other medical issue. So, if switching formulas doesn’t help, head in for a check-up.

Enfamil Gentlease Infant Formula

Price: $$

Key features: Enfamil claims that in clinical trials this partially-hydrolyzed formula reduced gas and associated fussiness and crying in just one day. This formula also contains a high amount of DHA to help nourish and develop your baby’s brain. (It’s worth noting that there is some conflicting research about how much DHA is actually beneficial for babies).

Considerations: Many parents are pleased with this formula and feel it does seem to help their babies. A few noted that they didn’t like the packaging and that the formula left an oily residue in the bottle after feeding.

Pros

• partially hydrolyzed proteins may be easier for many babies to digest, reducing gas and fussiness
• contains DHA, choline, and prebiotics to help support baby’s brain and immune system
• very positive parent reviews, as well as some support from clinical research

Cons

• does contain milk and soy proteins, so may not be suitable for infants with a true allergy
• may leave residue in bottles

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Best baby formula for constipation

There aren’t many formulas specifically marketed to help with constipation, since constipation isn’t terribly common in infants.

However, constipation is more common in formula-fed babies than in breastfed babies, since breast milk is easier to digest. Often, formula-fed babies have stools between two and three times a day before starting solids, and two times a day after starting solids.

Or, your baby might have a different routine.

But if they seem to be straining and passing hard stools, or suddenly start going longer and longer without a dirty diaper, they may be constipated. You can try a different formula, and speak to your doctor about other ways to get things moving.

Enfamil Reguline Infant Formula

Price: $$

Key features: Enfamil claims this formula will help your little one poop more comfortably within a week of use. It contains a special blend of prebiotics that Enfamil says aids with digestion. Like other varieties, this formula is gentle enough that it can be used every day. While iron can be constipating for babies, this formula does still contain iron, which is essential to healthy development.

Considerations: Reviews are mixed on whether or not this formula is a magic fix for constipation. A few parents note that their child’s stools turned dark green while using this formula. Others say it gave their babies diarrhea and more gas.

Pros

• contains a blend of prebiotics that may help keep bowel movements regular
• still contains iron and other essential nutrients

Cons

• gets mixed reviews from parents
• some parents said this made their baby’s bowel issues worse

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Most similar to breast milk

Maybe your baby will receive formula only part-time in combination with nursing. In this case, you may want a formula that’s as similar to breast milk as possible. We’ve called out our top pick below.

That being said, you can use any infant formula for supplementing a breastfed baby. The differences between formulas are mainly related to the protein size and type, not whether they interact well with breast milk. So, monitor what works best for your baby.

Similac 360 Total Care Non-GMO Infant Formula Powder

Price: $$

Key features: Similac claims that this formula is their closest in composition to human breast milk. It includes a blend of DHA, lutein, and vitamin E — all nutrients found in breast milk. It also includes more prebiotics than any other type of Similac formula on the market.

In fact, it contains 5 HMO (human milk oligosaccharides) prebiotics, which is why the company claims it is more similar to breast milk than other formulas.

Considerations: A good number of parents share very positive reviews of this formula. It is worth noting that it contains cow’s milk protein that has not been hydrolyzed (broken down), so it is a larger protein than those found in human breast milk.

Pros

• contains nutrients found in breast milk
• contains a large amount of prebiotics
• claims to be a gentle formula with a nutritional profile similar to breast milk

Cons

• it has not been scientifically proven that this formula is better than other infant formulas
• it contains larger cow’s milk proteins, which some babies may have trouble digesting

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Best baby formula for preemies

Human milk is the ideal choice for preemies; however, it may not always be available. Babies born prematurely may need additional support nutritionally.

As a result, formulas for preemies focus on higher calories — usually 22 to 24 per ounce versus the standard 20 — to help boost weight gain. They may also contain nutrients geared at promoting long-term growth and development.

Similac NeoSure

Price: $$

Key features: This product includes additional calories — as well as nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus — to help baby grow in the first year. Specifically, the enriched formula aims to help premature babies “catch up” in growth better than they might with standard term formulas.

Considerations: While most parents explain that this formula truly did help their babies catch up, some shared it came at a price of constipation, gas, and other digestive issues. This formula isn’t sold at all stores, so you may need to order it online.

And talk with your doctor about whether to use formula with extra calories and how long to continue with it — some recommend switching to term formulas after a few months.

Specialty formulas such as this one are especially important to use under medical supervision. It’s also important to follow the formula preparation instructions exactly to reduce the risk of infection from a certain bacteria called Cronobacter sakazakii.

Other options: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests that liquid forms of formula may be safer for preemies and babies with compromised immune systems. Why? In rare cases, powdered formula may harbor a germ called Cronobacter sakazakii that can lead to infection (and is riskier for preemie babies). Speak with your doctor if you have concerns and for specific formula suggestions.

Pros

• higher calories and nutrient enrichment may be beneficial for preterm infants
• preemie babies typically start life at a lower birth weight, and an enriched formula may help them “catch up” on their growth curve

Cons

• may cause digestive issues
• must be used under medical supervision
• not as widely available as standard infant formulas
• powdered formulas could be more prone to contamination, which is a bigger risk for preemies

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Best baby formula for allergies

Some babies may be allergic to cow’s milk protein and need hypoallergenic formula — specifically, one where the protein has been broken down either partially or extensively. These formulas are also called protein hydrolysate formulas. They’re for babies who can’t drink standard milk- or soy-based varieties.

Enfamil Nutramigen with Enflora LGG Powder Infant Formula

Price: $$$

Key features: This formula is free of lactose and sucrose. Enfamil boasts “fast management of colic” right on the label. Some 90% of babies experienced relief from their symptoms within 48 hours of switching, at least according to Enfamil’s own research.

This formula may reduce future allergy issues — again, according to Enfamil-sponsored research. The brand claims it reduced crying in 90% of babies within 48 hours. Speaking anecdotally, we know a number of parents who found huge relief in their baby’s eczema, colicky crying, and runny stools after switching to Nutramigen.

Considerations: Keep in mind that Nutramigen may not help your baby if their issues aren’t caused by an allergy. This formula is also on the higher end of cost per ounce. Some parents share that the formula smells and tastes bad.

Other options: You can also find Nutramigen in a liquid concentrate form. This means that you’ll mix the liquid with water for bottles instead of using powder. Some parents find this method more convenient.

Pros

• hydrolyzed protein is much smaller and easier to digest, as it is a more similar size to breast milk proteins
• broken down proteins won’t trigger an allergic reaction in baby’s with a cow’s milk protein or soy protein allergy
• may provide significant relief of colic or allergy symptoms

Cons

• unpleasant taste and smell
• quite expensive

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Best organic baby formula

Formulas labeled organic must meet certain standards, like being made without contaminants such as prohibited synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Organic formulas are also free from artificial flavors and colors, growth hormones, preservatives, and other additives.

Earth’s Best Organic Sensitivity Infant Formula

Price: $$

Key features: Earth’s Best’s Sensitivity blend is made with 95% less lactose than standard formulas. This means it may be more easily digested by babies who are sensitive to lactose (which is very uncommon). Its dairy ingredients are organic, coming from grass-fed cows, and the formula also contains omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, lutein, and prebiotics to support your baby’s immune system.

Additionally, this formula uses water-extracted DHA (many DHA sources in formulas are hexane-extracted, which involves more chemicals).

Considerations: Some parents explain that they like the formula, but that it can be inconsistent from batch to batch (some more foamy, for example). Others like that this formula tastes like milk, but a few note that they’re unhappy with the high corn syrup solids content. It’s worth noting, though, that corn syrup solids, also sometimes called “maltodextrin,” is a common ingredient in most infant formulas.

Pros

• organic dairy may mean exposing your baby to fewer harmful chemicals
• still contains fatty acids and prebiotics to support baby’s immune system, just like standard formulas
• relatively affordable for an organic formula
• better taste than many formulas

Cons

• may be inconsistent texture
• higher corn syrup solids content than some formulas
• lower lactose is not necessarily beneficial, as lactose intolerance is extremely uncommon in infants

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Best plant-based baby formula

Fun fact: Around 25% of all formula sold in the U.S. is soy-based. These formulas are free of both lactose and cow’s milk protein, and may be better digested by some babies with certain medical conditions.

Talk with your doctor before switching to soy, however. Some studies show that preterm babies fed soy gain significantly less weight than those on standard formulas. And unfortunately, many babies with true cow’s milk allergies are also allergic to soy protein.

Gerber Good Start Soy Powder Infant Formula

Price: $

Key features: Gerber claims that their soy formula can help ease the fussiness and gas babies experience with cow milk allergies. The formula includes soy protein, vitamin D, DHA, and added calcium to support growth and development.

Considerations: Soy may not be the magic answer for all babies, particularly as many babies with cow’s milk allergies also have soy allergies. Plant-based proteins are not necessarily easier for babies to digest. Some parents share that this formula made gas and colic issues worse with their little ones. Others say the powder is lumpy and difficult to mix.

Pros

• plant-based soy formula does not have animal protein
• relatively affordable
• contains added calcium

Cons

• many babies who are allergic to cow’s milk protein are also allergic to soy protein
• some parents found this worsened digestive issues
• some parents reported this formula is difficult to mix well

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Best budget baby formula

Your baby drinks a ton of formula in the first year, and many formulas are quite pricey. So, you may just be thinking of the bottom line. Good news for you — beyond the well-known formula manufacturers, there are some solid generic options that provide the same nutrition and safety for a fraction of the cost.

Up&Up Advantage HMO Infant Formula

Price: $

Key features: Target’s Advantage formula is modeled after Similac Advance, and also contains 2′-FL human milk oligosaccharide. This non-GMO dairy formula has DHA, lutein, vitamin E, and choline. Typically, it’s widely available either in-store or online at Target, although finding it online is harder in the current climate.

Considerations: Many parents give this formula high marks for mixing easily and not upsetting baby’s tummy. One reviewer noticed some brown clumps in the bottle after mixing. Keep in mind that many of the online reviews you’ll find are part of a promotion program, so they should be taken with a grain of salt.

Pros

• ingredient profile is very similar to brand-name competitors
• typically pretty widely available at Target stores
• easy to mix
• well tolerated by babies
• much more affordable than many formulas

Cons

• some parents noticed brown clumps even after mixing
• lesser-known production company

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Products	Price	Key ingredients	Pros	Cons
Gerber Good Start SoothePro Powder Infant Formula	$$	2′-FL HMO (prebiotic), L. reuteri (probiotic), partially hydrolyzed (smaller) milk protein, DHA	may be easier for babies to digest, relieving tummy discomfort and crying	some babies may object to taste
Enfamil A.R. Infant Formula	$$	milk protein, DHA, rice starch (for thickening)	thicker texture may reduce spit-up	may be harder to feed, or for some babies to digest
Enfamil Gentlease Infant Formula	$$	partially broken down (hydrolyzed) milk protein, DHA, choline, prebiotics	smaller proteins may be easier for some babies to digest; prebiotics may promote gut health	not suitable for babies with cow’s milk or soy allergies
Enfamil Reguline Infant Formula	$$	partially hydrolyzed whey (milk) protein, blend of several prebiotics	may promote regular stools in babies who are constipated	could alternatively cause tummy upset for some babies
Similac 360 Total Care Non-GMO Infant Formula Powder	$$	whey (milk) protein, more HMO prebiotics than other formulas, lutein, DHA, choline	may be more similar to breast milk, given higher concentration of prebiotics (which breast milk also has)	not necessarily better than other formulas
Similac NeoSure	$$	milk protein, DHA, lutein, vitamin E	more calories per ounce to help preemie babies grow	must be used under medical supervision
Enfamil Nutramigen with Enflora LGG Powder Infant Formula	$$$	completely hydrolyzed proteins, DHA, probiotics, vitamins	completely broken down proteins can be digested by babies with cow’s milk allergy (or other allergies) to relieve bloody stools, crying, etc.	more expensive than standard formulas
Earth’s Best Organic Sensitivity Infant Formula	$$	organic, reduced-lactose milk, prebiotic fiber, DHA, water-extracted DHA	may contain fewer chemicals or harmful ingredients than non-organic formulas	inconsistent texture, low lactose may not be beneficial
Gerber Good Start Soy Powder Infant Formula	$	soy proteins, DHA, vitamins	may be a good source of protein for babies who can’t tolerate cow’s milk	many babies with cow’s milk allergies are also allergic to soy
Up&Up Advantage HMO Infant Formula	$	2′-FL HMO, DHA, lutein, vitamin E, choline	a very similar ingredient profile to more expensive big-brand formulas	some inconsistency with texture

At the most basic level, there’s really no wrong choice when it comes to formula. Since everything you’ll find is technically safe to use, that means that what you put in your cart is really up to you, your preferences, your budget, and what you can find.

You might ask yourself if a certain brand or type:

• is easy to find at a local store or online
• has a price point that fits within your budget
• meets your need for convenience (powder vs. liquid or pre-portioned)
• is appropriate for your child’s special needs (allergy, prematurity, etc.)

Beyond that, you’ll need to see what works best for your baby. Know that most formulas contain 20 calories per ounce. Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, you should choose a brand that contains iron (most do) to help prevent iron deficiency anemia.

Anything else that’s added to the formula, like fatty acids and other ingredients “found in breast milk,” are completely safe, but they may or may not provide the benefits written on the box.

Once you’ve chosen your formula, you’ll want to make sure you prepare it in a safe way.

Always use the measuring scoop that comes with your formula. The AAP recommends cooling boiled water for 5 minutes before mixing with formula and then allowing the bottle to cool to room temperature before serving.

• Wash your hands with soap and water before grabbing bottles and preparing your formula. While you’re at it, make sure your bottles are clean and nipples intact.
• Check the date on your formula container to make sure it’s not expired. Examine the container for breaks in the seal, rust marks, leaks, and other signs that the formula is compromised.
• Use water from a safe source. You might consider boiling water for a minute and cooling before mixing bottles as well. And if you don’t think your tap water is safe to use, you may want to purchase bottled water.
• Measure out the water first before adding powder or liquid concentrate. It’s very important to follow the directions on the box for how much water you’ll use. Diluting formula with too much water or too little water can lead to serious health problems for your baby.
• If you choose to warm your baby’s bottle, do so by putting the bottle in a pot of warm water on the stove or use a bottle warmer. Heat to body temperature. Never use a microwave to heat formula.
• Use prepared formula within 2 hours or store it in the refrigerator for 24 hours. And discard any formula your baby doesn’t finish after a feeding.
• Feed your baby in an upright position and burp often to help relieve symptoms of colic. You may also want to look into curved bottles or those that use collapsible bags to reduce air intake.
• If your baby is under 3 months old, was born prematurely, or has other health issues, your doctor may have additional guidelines for preparing formula.

Looking to switch formulas?

While it’s safe to switch between brands and types, you may not want to switch frequently, and it’s not recommended. If there’s an allergy or some kind of adverse reaction, it will be difficult to identify the source if they were used too close together.

In other words, try giving your baby one type of formula for 1 to 2 weeks before switching.

Which baby formula is the closest formula to breast milk?

The reality is that no formula can completely mimic human breast milk. However, scientific and nutritional advances have come a long way in recent years, and there are some great options.

Any of the formulas on our list should meet your baby’s nutritional needs for the first year of life, providing they don’t have a special medical condition.

The formula most structurally similar to human breast milk is Similac 360 Total Care. This formula contains an unprecedented 5 HMOs, which are prebiotics found in breast milk that should help babies digest and absorb nutrients. It also contains DHA (which is found in varying amounts in human milk), ARA, carbs, fats, and vitamins that are meant to mimic those found in breast milk.

This formula also contains cow’s milk proteins that are not hydrolyzed, so they are still quite a bit larger than the proteins found in human milk.

The three main types of infant formulas include:

• cow’s milk protein-based formulas
• soy protein-based formulas
• protein hydrolysate (broken down) formulas

These types of formulas can come prepared three ways:

• Powdered formula: must be mixed with water before feeding
• Liquid concentrate formula: must also be mixed with water before feeding
• Ready-to-use formula: comes already mixed to the correct ratio

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect supply chains across a number of industries, as well as the number of people in the workforce. Additionally, there have been some recent product recalls and factory closures at large formula manufacturers due to suspected unsafe or contaminated formulas.

These factors have combined to result in a much lower availability of infant formula.

There are many formula options available. Breast milk is always recommended as the first choice for a baby’s optimal health, but all formulas will meet the basic nutritional needs of your baby. The key is preparing them in a safe way.

Still don’t know which formula to choose? Ask your pediatrician. Your child’s doctor may be able to point you in the right direction based on your baby’s health history or your personal preferences. Same goes with switching formula brands or types.

As an added bonus, your pediatrician’s office may even have coupons or free samples so you can try before you buy.

How to choose powdered milk formula?

You are faced with the need to transfer the child (in whole or in part) to artificial feeding, and the pediatrician prescribed a specific formula for your baby. Before you go shopping, read the recommendations of a specialist.

Elena Simonenko

Head of Department, Research Institute of Baby Nutrition, Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology"

The choice of a mixture is not rushed, even when you have been assigned a specific product. Read the information on the bank carefully. Look at what age the formula is for (for example, for infants from birth to six months) and what the formula is intended for (for example, powdered adapted milk formula). This information is located on the front or back of the package.

Depending on the age of the child, the amount of vitamins and minerals in the mixture changes, so it is not recommended to feed the newborn with a mixture intended for older children.

Read baby formula research results HERE.

The gradation of mixtures by age is indicated by a numerical value:

• With the prefix "pre" in the name, mixtures for premature or low birth weight babies are indicated;

• "1" - for children from birth to 6 months;

• "2" - for babies from 6 months to 1 year;

• "3" - for children older than a year;

• "4" - as a rule, starting from 18 months.

• Also on the market is a category of adapted milk formulas with average indicators for feeding children from birth to 12 months.

For newborns, you need to take only adapted mixtures. They are closest in composition to breast milk and are easily digested and absorbed by the baby's body.

If the baby has any health problems, in particular with digestion, choose therapeutic or specialized mixtures.

Tatiana Butskaya

pediatrician, founder of the all-Russian movement "Council of Mothers" and the national award "Parents' Choice", international expert in children's products

Do not try to figure out on your own which mixture is best to buy for a child. If there is a need for artificial feeding, contact your pediatrician. The introduction of supplementary food into the infant's diet is always metabolic stress. The mixture should be treated as a medicine, which is selected according to indications and taking into account individual characteristics.

The composition of the product for children of the first year of life should be as close as possible to human milk, meet the age norms and physiological needs of the child.

• If the baby has flatulence and frequent regurgitation, the specialist will recommend a mixture with special thickeners (starch).

• If constipation and dysbacteriosis - mixtures with additives (probiotics and prebiotics).

• If the child has sleep problems - substitutes with a "night formula".

• If you are allergic to cow's milk protein - a mixture of highly hydrolyzed proteins based on whey and casein.

You can be sure that the doctor will choose the best option. One hundred percent it will be a well-known brand. Let me explain why: world-famous leaders in the production of formula value their reputation, and their products comply with existing international standards and are as close as possible to the composition of breast milk.

What should be the composition of the mixture

• Protein. According to the latest scientific data, excessive intake of protein in the first year of a child's life can lead to obesity in the future. That is why the recommended rate per liter of the mixture is no more than 12-15 grams.

• Proportion of whey to casein. It is important that there are more whey proteins.

• Fat composition.

It includes vegetable oils (eg soybean, corn, sunflower), which are sources of all fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins.

The composition of the mixture should include milk fat. Please note that it is not completely excluded from the product. Milk fat provides the body with important saturated fats, cholesterol, phospholipids, gangliosides and other substances necessary for cell function, as well as for strengthening the body's defenses and developing the child's brain.

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids. Very important! Their lack leads to a slowdown in the overall development of the child and a decrease in immunity. The mixture must contain linoleic (omega-6) and linolenic (omega-3) acids. It is also desirable that the mixture contains docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids. They improve vision and promote brain development.

In addition, the mixtures should contain probiotics (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli). They form the basis of a healthy intestinal microflora. Their presence in mixtures contributes to the formation of the intestinal ecosystem and the prevention of dysbacteriosis. Probiotics are needed for calcium metabolism, the formation of vitamins and hormones, as well as strengthening local and general immunity. Thanks to modern technology, beneficial microorganisms remain viable throughout the entire shelf life of the mixture. Their effectiveness has been clinically proven.

Prebiotics (galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, oligosaccharides) serve as a nutrient medium, in other words, food for beneficial intestinal bacteria.

• Choline (vitamin-like substance) - helps to eliminate harmful compounds, is needed for fat metabolism and muscle growth.

• Tryptophan - has a positive effect on the quality of a child's sleep, his mood and appetite.

• Nucleotides - improve the absorption of iron, promote the growth of healthy microflora, strengthen the defenses of the child's body.

• Taurine - improves vision.

What to look for when buying

Do not go to grocery stores for formula. Go to the pharmacy. This is where you need to buy the mixture for the child. If for some reason the pharmacy does not have the product you need, go to the children's store.

When buying, pay attention to the packaging. Do not accept damaged or wrinkled packages. The deformation on the packaging raises great doubts about the correct storage and transportation conditions of the product. Don't forget to check the expiration date.

How to store?

Powdered milk formulas for children, regardless of the type (first, second or third steps), have general storage rules.

• Dry mixes, subject to the integrity of the packaging, are designed for a long period of storage.

• If you bought a mixture packaged in jars, you can store it at home in the original packaging.

• If the mixture is packed in bags or cardboard boxes, after opening the contents must be poured into a hermetically sealed container. Ware for storing baby food can be glass or plastic, but always with the appropriate marking indicating the absence of toxic impurities in the composition of the material.

• When you open the package, stick a label on it with the date you opened it or put it in an airtight container.

• The mixture in an open package or poured into an airtight container can be stored for exactly as many days as indicated on the package!

• To make it easier to comply with the established shelf life, put a label on the package with the date you opened it.

• Store dry mixes in a ventilated cabinet, protected from light, at room temperature. The optimum temperature is 12–24 °C.

• Diluted infant formula can be stored at room temperature for no more than three hours.

• In the refrigerator, the diluted mixture can be stored for no more than a day.

What if the formula is not suitable for the baby?

If the mixture is not suitable for the baby, he may be disturbed by flatulence, colic, constipation, diarrhea, skin rashes. Any of the symptoms requires finding the culprit of such a reaction and replacing the mixture. Therefore, I advise you to contact the pediatrician again. After buying a new mixture, carefully, within a week, introduce the mixture into the baby's diet. Do not mix milk replacers from different manufacturers in one bottle, use two for this. If the introduction of the mixture is accompanied by a deterioration in the child's well-being, consult with his doctor.

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Which mixture is best for a newborn from 0 years old: rating 2020

For babies there is nothing better than mother's milk. However, it happens that breastfeeding is limited or impossible, and you have to switch to artificial. How to choose the right mixture?

Source: ShutterStock/Fotodom.ru

The birth of a baby is a great happiness for parents. And, of course, every mother strives to give her child the best. There is no better food for a newborn in the world than breast milk.

But what if for some reason you have to formula feed your baby? Someone preserves the beauty of their breasts, someone cannot feed for medical reasons, and someone does not have milk at all.

According to the recommendations of WHO (World Health Organization) and UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), adapted formula for newborns is the third way to feed a child after breast and donor milk.

How to choose a formula for a newborn

Source here and below: Unsplash

What is the best formula for newborns from 0 months? Do not rush to take the first box that comes across from the store shelf. The range of food for babies is very wide. However, advertising, brand awareness or reviews on the forums do not guarantee that one or another composition will suit your baby.

Every baby is different, so before introducing formula into your baby's diet, you should consult with a breastfeeding specialist and try to adjust your baby's natural nutrition.

Any transfer of a child to artificial feeding should be done only after consulting a pediatrician. It will take into account the characteristics of the baby's body: its age, weight dynamics, appetite, the state of the intestinal microflora, the presence of allergies, and digestive disorders. If necessary, he can even recommend a therapeutic mixture.

Doctors warn: do not choose the formula yourself. Firstly, manufacturers, alas, do not always provide reliable and complete information about their product. Secondly, the price is not the most important reference point.

What are infant formulas

The first thing to consider when choosing the best formula for newborns is whether it is age appropriate. In the case of breastfeeding, as the baby's digestive system develops and improves, the composition of breast milk also changes. Therefore, the formula of mixtures for each age has its own. The milk formula number is indicated on the package. How to decrypt it?

• The number "0" or the words "Pre", "Pre" in the name mean that the mixture is adapted for children who were born prematurely or with insufficient weight.
• Number "1". So labeled food for babies from 0 to 6 months.
• Number "2". The mixture is intended for babies up to 1 year.
• The numbers "3" or "4". The product is designed for children over 1 year old.

Most formulas are based on farm animal milk protein. However, the baby's body is not able to absorb it. Protein has to be changed. According to the degree of its modification, mixtures are:

• adapted - they are made on the basis of demineralized whey, as close as possible in structure to human milk,
• partially adapted - their composition is somewhat similar to that of breast milk,
• subsequent - these mixtures most often do not have whey, they are made from whole cow's milk with the addition of starch and sucrose.

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If a child has an intolerance to cow's milk protein, various diseases or nuances of development and health, then after examination and diagnosis, the doctor may recommend anti-allergenic mixtures based on goat's milk or soy. Therapeutic infant formulas are of several types:

• low lactose and lactose free,
• dairy-free, containing soy protein,
• based on whey protein hydrolyzate,
• gluten free,
• iron enriched,
• enriched with bifidobacteria,
• mixtures without phenylalanrine.

To understand which formula to choose for a newborn, it is important to be able to read the composition correctly. Often the following ingredients are added to the product.

• Prebiotics are oligosaccharides that tune the digestive tract to work better.
• Probiotics are live bifidobacteria that help digestion and strengthen the immune system.
• Fatty acids - or rather their subspecies, hidden under the abbreviation LCPUFA (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids).
• Nucleotides are biological compounds that are constituents of nucleic acids and are involved in the processes of energy exchange in cells.
• Taurine is an amino acid for the formation of the central nervous system.
• Iodine is an element in the composition of thyroid hormones that is responsible for body growth and metabolism.

5 rules for selecting infant formula

What to look for when choosing a mix on the counter? There are several characteristics that are important to check with every purchase.

1. Best before date. It is safer to take a fresh mixture, the "age" of which is not more than 25% of the total shelf life.
2. Packaging integrity. Tin cans without dents, packages inside cardboard boxes without cracks and tears.
3. Compound. It is better to double-check the advertising statements about the composition made by the manufacturer on the front side in large print.
4. Pack size. Don't be tempted to buy a large pack because many blends spoil quickly once opened.
5. Characteristics. If you are concerned about the smell or bitter taste, this may indicate improper storage conditions.

What is the best formula for newborns: ranking 2020

Attention! The rating of formulas for newborns is given for informational purposes only and does not replace the need to consult a doctor.

1. Kabrita Gold 1

One of the most expensive products on the infant formula market. The manufacturing company has about 55 own goat farms that feed exclusively on fresh grass.

The product has a delicate taste and a lot of useful properties. It's no secret that goat's milk is considered healthier than cow's milk due to its unique composition of nutrients. At the same time, the mixture does not have a specific goat smell. Its composition is truly unique and has been winning first places in competitions, ratings and tops for many years. The big disadvantage of this product is the high cost compared to competitors.

Distinctive feature: goat milk mixture.

2. Similac Gold 1

The blend is free of palm oil, a point that will please many parents who carefully check formulations for harmful substances. That is why a huge number of mothers have chosen Similac for many years.

It is quite sweet and really tasty. It contains vegetable oils that help digestion: the baby's stool becomes soft, constipation and gas formation disappear. The product also prevents colic. Of the minuses, the high cost can be noted.

Distinctive feature: prepared on the basis of vegetable oils, does not contain palm oil.

3. Nestle NAN Premium OPTIPRO 1

Perhaps one of the most popular milk formulas. It contains the highest amount of whey protein. It is this type of protein that is best absorbed.

Protein is the most necessary product for the full development of the body, even for an adult. The composition is also rich in essential vitamin complex A, E, D3, C, PP, B vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and trace elements.

This product has an anti-reflux effect (that is, prevents spitting up). It is well absorbed and does not cause colic, reduces gas formation, and also contributes to the excellent functioning of the digestive system.

An additional plus is that it is presented on the shelves of most stores. The product is completely safe and does not contain preservatives. Of the minuses, the presence of palm oil in the composition can be distinguished.

Special feature: the highest protein content.

4. Nutrilon 1 Premium

An equally popular product on the market recommended by many pediatricians. A useful product that most kids like to taste. The composition includes fish oil, which is so necessary for a growing child's body.

The texture of this mixture is a white powder, odorless. Mom's convenience and speed of cooking. The composition is also good: the components help strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of allergic reactions. The disadvantages include the presence of palm oil in the composition.

Distinctive feature: odorless, dissolves quickly.

5. Friso Gold 1

Another market leader. Many mothers choose this milk formula, as they have noticed a real effect in reducing colic, gas and constipation. It has a very convenient packaging, which provides thoughtful storage of a measuring spoon. It tastes sweet and very pleasant.

According to the forums, the product has almost no negative reviews. The composition contains various vitamins, as well as useful substances, such as: calcium phosphate, iron sulfate, folic acid.

The main advantage of Friso Gold is that it contains nucleotides. They help build immunity. Of the minuses, it can be distinguished that the mixture contains palm and rapeseed oil, and also has a high cost.

Distinctive feature: contains nucleotides that contribute to the formation of natural immunity.

6. Valio Baby 1

Finnish production is famous for the good quality of its products. Valio Baby Formula 1 is palm oil free and rich in vitamins and minerals. Pleasant in taste and well absorbed.

Fruitfully affects the digestive system, prevents the formation of intestinal colic, gas formation and constipation in newborns. The disadvantages include the fact that it is not represented everywhere. Good value for money.

Distinctive feature: a new product on the Russian market, the quality of which is carefully monitored.

7. HiPP 1 Combiotic

Gluten and emulsifier free, no preservatives or colorants. This mixture has a great effect on the formation of the brain and vision. All components are carefully processed, so we can confidently talk about the excellent composition of the Hipp blend.

Distinctive feature: careful selection of ingredients, interesting design.

8. Nestle Nestogen 1

Nestogen's dry adapted instant milk formula with prebiotics and L. Reuteri lactobacilli is one of the most popular formulas in the low price segment. The manufacturer is Nestle. The undoubted advantages are low cost and the absence of palm oil in the composition. But the difference in price was reflected both in the packaging of the goods (it is cardboard) and in the composition.

However, the product contains vitamins and microelements, prebiotics (not to be confused with probiotics: probiotics are a culture of beneficial bacteria, prebiotics are substances that provide normal flora with nutrition and create conditions for its development), lactobacilli.

Features: no palm oil and economical cost.

9. Malyutka (Nutricia) 1

This formula has been on the Russian market for many years. For some reason, some mothers are wary of this product, but in vain. He has a well-balanced composition. The producers of the Baby mix (the well-known Nutricia company) are very careful in their production and take into account all the norms and requirements.

The color of the powder is yellow, it dissolves well and tastes good. The mixture has a good effect on the gastrointestinal tract and prevents constipation. Packaging is cardboard. The price range is average, closer to low. The product is presented on the shelves of many stores.

Distinctive feature: balanced composition.

10. Semper Baby Nutradefense 1

Semper has long established itself in the market by producing quality baby food - cereals and purees. Semper Baby Nutradefense is formulated with a range of essential vitamins and minerals to help ensure your newborn develops healthy without digestive issues. The only problem is that the product is very difficult to find for sale on the shelves, but it is presented in various online stores. And yes, the price is quite high.

Distinctive feature: a large amount of vitamins and minerals.

11. Nutrilak Premium Blend 1

This blend is ideal for underweight babies. It does not contain palm and rapeseed oil, which is undoubtedly a big plus for many parents. I also want to note the low cost.

It is important to consider that the product should not be given to overweight children, as the mixture is very high in calories. Of the minuses, we highlight the fact that it is not suitable for all kids.

Special feature: best value for money.

12. Agusha 1

AGUSHA produces purees, juices, yoghurts, water and many other baby food products. Many mothers have trusted her for many years. The composition of the mixture includes probiotics and prebiotics, which have the best effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

By the way, this mixture is used not only for its intended purpose, but for the preparation of various dishes (for example, children's cereals). An important pleasant bonus is the low cost. Of the minuses, one can single out the fact that the goods are not presented in all stores.

Distinctive feature: low cost and good composition.

How to introduce infant formula into the diet

The main rule when introducing infant formula into the diet is consistency. Do not immediately give the baby a full portion. It is better to gradually increase the dose and watch the child's reaction.

It is only possible to calculate the dosage of one portion intended for "acquaintance" with the mixture individually. It depends on the composition of the mixture prescribed for your child, the age of the child, his complexion, appetite and many other things. Therefore, it is better to ask this question to your pediatrician. And, of course, focus on the condition and reactions of the baby.

How long does adaptation take

The mixture is suitable if the child tolerates it well: he eats with pleasure, he does not develop dyspeptic disorders, anemia, atopic dermatitis and other similar conditions.

Children are different, sometimes the right mixture may not be suitable. It is believed that in the first five to seven days after the introduction of the mixture, the body adapts. During this period, constipation, diarrhea, skin rashes, vomiting, regurgitation, and malnutrition may occur.

If unpleasant symptoms persist, this is an occasion to consult a doctor to compensate for the condition and choose another mixture. However, doctors do not recommend frequently switching from one to another or trying new things to diversify the diet.

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