What do you feed a baby groundhog

What Do Groundhogs Eat? - AZ Animals

What Do Groundhogs Like to Eat?

Groundhogs eat bark, vegetation, insects, and fruit.

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Like most other rodents, groundhogs are primarily herbivorous, meaning they eat mostly plant matter. Groundhogs eat a wide variety of vegetation, most of which are available in the wild. However, they also like to eat cultivated crops, which can lead them to incur the wrath of farmers and gardeners. While vegetables, grasses, and berries make up the bulk of a groundhog’s diet, they will eat other foods. For example, they will also eat insects, mollusks, and even small birds. That said, they aren’t generally considered omnivorous, as they eat these other foods only rarely. Groundhogs eat plants that can be found easily in the environment. To help narrow down this extensive list, we’ve identified 10 foods that groundhogs most like to eat. The foods groundhogs like most include:

Grasses
Vegetables
Clover
Alfalfa
Leaves
Berries
Grubs
Insects
Snails
Bark

How Do Groundhogs Forage For Food?

Groundhogs can hear a person’s footsteps from nearly 500 yards away.

©iStock.com/BrianEKushner

Groundhogs rely on their keen senses to help them survive in the wild and locate food. In particular, a groundhog most relies on its sense of sight, smell, and hearing. That said, hearing is most used to detect predators, rather than finding food. In fact, reports estimate that they can hear foodprints from over 500 yards away. Groundhogs possess exceptional vision and can spot moving objects from far away. Upon emerging from their burrows, groundhogs will use eyes and noses to locate food. Their noses are quite sensitive, and help them to locate ripe vegetables. However, their sensitivity is also their downfall, as many people put out odorous substances that groundhogs find repellant. Meanwhile, groundhogs rely less on taste and touch to help them find food.

On average, the range of a groundhog is only around 2-3 acres. Inside that range, groundhogs spend most of their time either underground resting or burrowing, or topside foraging. Groundhogs tend to construct their burrows in areas where food is plentiful and readily available. This means they will often dig under fences or other barriers to get at the plants on the other side. They become most active during the day, but usually, only emerge to forage in the morning or evening. After foraging, groundhogs may bring extra food back to their dens. Their desire to bring food back to their burrows has to do with their instinct to store food for the winter.

What Do Groundhogs Eat in the Wild?

The most well-known groundhog is Punxsutawney Phil.

©iStock.com/mirecca

Groundhogs eat a wide variety of plants that grow within their territory. Furthermore, their diet can change with the seasons, and also if cultivated crops are growing nearby. Some of a groundhog’s favorite foods include plants like dandelions, sorrel, clover, and alfalfa. These leafy greens make up the bulk of a wild groundhog’s diet and are readily available in most environments. Along with grasses, wild groundhogs will also eat fruits such as berries, apples, pears, and cherries. If a groundhog’s burrow is near to a garden or farm, they may dine on any cultivated vegetables growing there. Some of their favorite vegetables to munch on include lettuce, corn, carrots, peas, beans, squash, and celery. Groundhogs will also eat insects such as grasshoppers and crickets, as well as snails and grubs. On rare occasions, they will eat baby birds, especially if they have fallen from a nearby nest.

What Do Captive Groundhogs Eat?

Groundhogs don’t make great pets due to their aggressive nature.

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Occasionally, people will keep groundhogs as pets, but this happens rarely due to their aggressive nature. That said, some groundhogs grow up in captivity for one reason or another. In captivity, a groundhog will eat many of the same foods as a wild groundhog. Greens and grasses will make up the bulk of its diet, including lettuce, alfalfa, clover, sorrel dandelions, and leaves. It will also eat vegetables such as carrots, celery, peas, beans, and corn. They also enjoy fruits such as berries, apples, pears, and cherries. On occasion, they will also eat nuts, although these should make up a smaller portion of a captive groundhogs diet. The same goes for insects, as they don’t feature prominently in the diet of wild groundhogs. Baby captive groundhogs should be fed a warmed infant formula solution, such as ebsilac powder. Always consult an expert before feeding new foods to a groundhog.

What Do Baby Groundhogs Eat?

Baby groundhogs live with their mothers until they’re around 2 months old.

©iStock.com/gilles_oster

Also known as pups or kits, baby groundhogs are born blind and almost completely hairless. They only measure around 4 inches long and weigh around 1 ounce. After birth, baby groundhogs will spend around 2 months with their mother before they venture out on their own. During the first three weeks of life, they subsist solely on their mother’s milk. However, once they’re old enough, they will also begin to eat soft flowers and grasses. By the time they leave their mothers, they can eat the same foods as adult groundhogs. Captive baby groundhogs typically live on a diet of ebsilac powder until their old enough to tolerate other foods. From there, common foods include mashed fruits like bananas or apples, as well as fresh greens. Before introducing new food to a baby groundhog, make sure to consult a veterinarian or local expert.

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How to Care for a Groundhog Baby

By Jennie Dalcour | Updated September 26, 2017

Things You'll Need

Gardening gloves
Towels or blankets
Infant electrolyte solution
Oral syringe
Puppy milkd replacer
Cloth
Cotton ball
Cage
Drip water bottle
Rabbit pellets
Fruits and vegetables

Groundhogs, also called woodchucks, are well-known for their holiday and ability to predict the coming of spring. They are proficient at raising their young, so you will rarely see abandoned babies; however parental death or severe rainstorms will sometimes create orphans that need care. These brown, furry rodents may seem cute and cuddly, but they do not make good pets and will need to be released to the wild when they are capable of fending for themselves. Additionally, most states have laws prohibiting keeping groundhogs as pets.

Avoid picking up the groundhog with bare hands. Use gardening gloves to gently pick up the groundhog. Pet Care Tips, an animal advice website, advises you to immediately wrap the woodchuck in towels or blankets to keep it warm.

Heat an infant electrolyte solution to body temperature over the stove or in the microwave. Fill an oral syringe with the electrolyte solution and offer to the groundhog every couple of hours.

Fill the oral syringe with puppy milk replacer. To feed the groundhog, hold it firmly in a towel or blanket, covering its eyes. Offer the syringe and the groundhog will quickly drink the contents. Stop feeding if air bubbles develop in the syringe, and expel the air. Use a damp cloth to wipe its face. Repeat feeding every two hours.

Stimulate the groundhog’s bowels and bladder with a wet cotton ball after every feeding. Keep stroking the genital area until the groundhog is done urinating. A groundhog may not empty its bladder or bowls until it is six weeks old.

Provide the groundhog with a large cage. Place a drip water bottle in the cage. At four weeks old introduce solid foods. Baby groundhogs can eat rabbit pellet food, apples and other fruits. At five weeks old they can begin eating vegetables.

Call a local wildlife rehabilitator or your local game and fish department. They will have more appropriate resources to care for the baby groundhog and release it to wild when it can care for itself.

Warnings

If the groundhog starts sneezing while drinking formula immediately stop feeding, hold the groundhog upside down and rub its back until it stops sneezing out the milk. Aspirating formula can lead to pneumonia or sudden death. If you do not stimulate the groundhog’s bladder, the bladder can rupture and the woodchuck will die.

References

Pet Care Tips: Caring for an Orphaned Groundhog
Orphaned Wildlife Care: Care for Orphaned Woodchucks
Diamond Rock Wildlife Rehabilitation Clinic: Baby Groundhogs
Iowa State University: Iowa Mammals

Photo Credits

Writer Bio

Jennie Dalcour began writing Internet content in 2009. She has worked several years in the telecommunications industry and in sales and marketing. She has spent many years teaching young children and has spent over four years writing curriculum for churches. She is now pursuing a Masters of Arts in clinical psychology at Regent University and has ample experience with special needs children.

What to feed the marmot. A little about their diet

Marmot. Photo. Lukyanov Sergey

First of all, when starting a marmot, one should pay special attention to the proper nutrition of the animal. Several rules must be strictly followed:

1. Groundhogs must not be fed spicy, fried, fatty foods.
2. Groundhogs should be fed twice a day, morning and evening.

Groundhogs should not be fed protein food of animal origin (milk, cottage cheese, yogurt, etc.) because the animal's digestive system is not adapted to this kind of food.

But there is an opinion that such food is not harmful. Here is what Oleg Brandler writes about it :

“My marmots drink milk and eat cottage cheese and cheese with great pleasure. It does no visible harm to them. You should not only give milk to little marmots until August. I also sometimes cook them a sweet pasta milk soup. They also like boiled potatoes. I have experience of feeding marmots with food waste from the canteen at the biological station of Kharkiv University, where there used to be a large collection of live marmots of various species. This food did not cause any harm to the marmots, and they successfully bred” .

Groundhogs are vegetarians: grasses are the main food. They can be fed with hay, greens: clover, dandelion leaves and flowers, cereal grasses, but cabbage should not be given, because. this can lead to flatulence, i.e. excessive accumulation of gases in the intestines.

Edible plants (herbs)

Photo 1. Aegopodium podagraria "variegata"	Photo 2. Large plantain (Plantago major L.) of the Plantain family (Plantaginaceae)
Photo 3. Dandelion leaves Taraxacum officinale	Photo 4. Ivanchai (fireweed) Epilobium angustifolium

Padovan Alfalfa

Animals love nuts: pine, forest and walnuts. But at the same time, it should be borne in mind that, despite such love, they should not be given plenty of nuts. It is best to give hazelnuts, but no more than 3-5 pieces per day. A separate topic is peanuts, which can carry the danger of invisible fungi (toxins). Therefore, you need to ensure that there are no brown or gray spots on the peanuts. And I wouldn't recommend groundhogs to give it at all. Also, you can not give almonds and apricot pits, because. they contain hydrocyanic acid harmful to animals.

Marmots willingly eat sunflower seeds, grains of oats, rye and wheat at the stage of milk and wax ripeness. In the diet of the animal must be vegetables and fruits. Very useful for rodents alfalfa. It can be offered to marmots in the form of germinated grass sold in supermarkets or in the form of ready-made feeds, such as Padovan Alfalfa. (see photo).

Compound feed

Compound feed PK-90-1

In addition to the above feed, granulated compound feed can be added. These feeds can be purchased at the Bird Market. Estimated cost of feed KK-122 (for rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas). In addition to the above recipe, you can use PC 90-1, intended for feeding rabbits.

Composition PK-90-1*:

Ground oats or ground wheat – 19%
Ground barley or ground corn - 19%
Cake, meal (soybean, sunflower) - 13%
Wheat bran - 15%
Hydrolysis yeast, meat and bone meal, ash up to 20% - 1%
Herbal flour - 30%
Table salt - 0.5%
Fish meal (meat meal. Protein from 60 to 70%) - 2%
Bone meal - 0.5%

100 grams of compound feed contains: feed units - 83.6 gr., crude protein - 17.2-18.4 gr., digestible protein - 13.2-14.1 gr., crude fat - 2.8-4.3 gr., metabolic energy - 255-258 kcal., calcium - 0.96 gr., phosphorus - 0.59 gr.

*Source: V.G. Plotnikov, N.M. Firsov. Cultivation, feeding and maintenance of rabbits. M. 1989.

Composition KK-122:

Oats - 14.0%
Barley without film - 11. 0%
Wheat - 5.0%
Sunflower meal** - 15.1%
Wheat bran - 5.0%
Feed yeast 1C - 4.0%
Grass flour, grade 3 - 40.0%
Table salt - 0.3%
Premix*** - 1.0%
Molasses**** — 3.0%
Feed chalk - 1.6%

** SEED (German Schrot) — crushed seeds of oil plants after extraction of fat from them, a by-product of oil extraction production. Concentrated feed for farm animals, contains a large amount of protein.
*** PREMIXES (from the Latin prae - ahead, beforehand and misceo - I mix), mixtures of biologically active substances of microbiological and chemical synthesis, used to increase the nutritional value of compound feed and improve their biological effect on the animal organism. Premixes are vitamin, mineral, etc.
*** *MELASSA (molasses) - sugar production waste. Used in feeding farm animals.

From rodent food sold in a pet shop, you can use WAKA Lux for rabbits and chinchillas .

Treats

So, we have come to what marmots love to eat. Here is a short list:

Fresh apples.
Dried apples - peeled, slightly dried apple, cut into slices.
Grape slices . A slice of grapes must first be slightly kneaded so that the marmots feel its taste and smell.
Raisins .
Nuts . As noted above, groundhogs are very fond of all nuts, the most harmless of them is hazelnuts (a few nuts a day).
Bananas . Banana should be given peeled. It is best to give in small pieces so that the animal does not get smeared. A quarter-half a banana a day…
Banana chips . This type of delicacy marmots are ready to gnaw as much as they like. But to give plenty of this delicacy, I think, should not be. Stop for a few pieces.
Fresh cherry .

All of the foods listed above are treats and should not be used as the basis of your pet's diet.

Important
During the heat, groundhogs begin to refuse to eat and sleep more. Feeding time is moved to later hours.

And most importantly - we must not forget about clean water, it must be given at the rate of a quarter liter per animal per day. Please note that when the groundhog gains fat accumulation, the need for water decreases.

Wet mash is the best food for groundhogs. Such a diet is easier to balance in terms of the composition of the ingredients, which can either be increased or decreased. It is convenient to introduce feed additives or medicines into the mash. Vitamins and minerals can be used as feed additives. One of the disadvantages of this method of feeding is the poor preservation of the mash, because. it quickly deteriorates, so the mash must be prepared immediately before feeding the animals.

Do you know what?
In nature, marmots feed on herbaceous plants, the set of which exceeds a hundred species. The forage specialization of marmots is not in the choice of plant species, but in the preference for parts of the plant in different seasons. In early spring, marmots eat mainly rhizomes and bulbs, in summer - young sprouts of cereals and herbs, as well as flowers containing easily digestible substances, especially proteins. Mature fruits of plants in the stomachs of marmots are not digested, so the marmot does not destroy the seeds, but sows them. Moreover, a portion of the sown seeds is in a portion of organic fertilizer, covered with a thin layer of earth. During the day, the groundhog eats up to 1-1.5 kg of plant matter. In the wild, marmots usually do not drink water, because. get it with succulent feed. Groundhogs also add eaten animals to plant food - locusts, mollusks, caterpillars, ant pupae; they are usually eaten with grass, but sometimes the mass of animal food is up to half the contents of the stomach. In captivity, marmots willingly eat meat, including the meat and fat of marmots, but in nature they do not eat their relatives and other vertebrates. During spring and summer, on highly nutritious food, the groundhog accumulates up to 800-1200 g of fat, which is up to 20-25% of the mass of the animal.

Mineral top dressing

We should not forget about such an important component of nutrition as mineral top dressing. Feed chalk can be used as a source of calcium. For example, everyone in the same Bird Market sells such chalk in "heads": the cost of one "head" is 5-10 rubles).

Please note that the formulas described above contain table salt (NaCl). The state of the muscles and the sensitivity of the nerves depend on sodium. As a source of sodium for the body of a groundhog, you can use ordinary table salt (1-2 crystals of table salt per day), but it is better to offer the rodent a mineral stone Padovan Mineralblock Rody .

Important

Never feed the animals with salty food and do not give salt in large quantities in its pure form, because. possible poisoning.

As an option for mineral supplements, a special stone Vitakraft is available from the pet store. If we compare price and quality, then I think it's better to stay with a special fortified mineral stone Karlie , made specifically for large rodents. This stone contains many vitamins, calcium, minerals and salts, exactly as they are found in nature. The stone promotes healthy coat growth, bone development, as well as a great pastime for your pet and provides natural abrasion of teeth.

Do you know what?

If the inhabitants of the steppe - marmots - come out of their burrows in the middle of the day for extraordinary feeding, one should wait for rain. At the same time, they graze busily and in a hurry, not being distracted by extraneous matters, they feel that soon it will rain ...

Peculiarities of keeping a marmot at home: cage, food, care

More and more exotic animals are becoming pets. This article will focus on the groundhog - the largest representative of the squirrel family.

Those who have already got a groundhog at home note that it is very fun and interesting with him. After all, these funny animals are very active, quickly get used to a person and become tame. Marmots have rather agile fingers, he is able to open simple locks on the cage. When the animal is well accustomed, it can trustfully sleep in the arms or on the owner's bed. Groundhogs are able to remember their nickname and readily respond when they are called.

It is worth learning how to properly care for a groundhog and carefully weigh everything before you get a pet.

House or cage? Or maybe a mink?

The cage should be made of metal rods and quite spacious (overall dimensions from 63x47x55 cm). And the more time the pet has to stay in the cage, the larger it should be. A place for the cage must be chosen without drafts and in the shade. The optimal temperature regime is from +15 to +19 degrees, overheating of the animal should not be allowed.

Groundhogs are big fans of building their own minks, so it is necessary to provide them with "building materials" - rags and paper. It is very interesting to observe how funny the animal builds its "apartments" in the cage. In nature, adult marmots regularly go around their possessions. Therefore, the owner should provide daily walks around the apartment. Animals wake up and begin to show their activity with the sunrise.

In the bosom of nature, marmots touch each other with their noses as a sign of greeting, they also clean and comb each other's skin. If you spend a lot of time with them, then a warm, trusting relationship develops between a person and a pet. Then the behavior of the groundhog will resemble the behavior of a domestic cat, you can also play and run with it. Particularly playful juveniles, in nature they often chase each other in circles.

Do not leave your pet in the apartment alone. Curiosity pushes him to "hooliganism", he will be able to open cabinets and rummage through things there; gnaw on wooden products; delve into flower pots, and even gnaw through electrical wires, which is very unsafe for his life. Since groundhogs live in large families, they do not tolerate loneliness, therefore, left alone, the pet will entertain itself in any way. So, when leaving home, make sure that the animal is in a closed cage. And in no case do not leave him for a long time alone.

Hygiene features

Groundhogs are big cleaners. Under natural conditions, they build a separate mink as a toilet, so their "apartment" is always clean and tidy. The domestic animal will be docile and clean and will go to a certain place. You just need to follow the groundhog and then put the tray in the place that he chooses for the toilet. Of course, patience will be required, everything will not work out right away, but time will pass and the animal will learn to go to the tray in the allotted place. You can use not only special fillers for the tray, but also pressed sawdust. Marmots do not like to swim, as they are very afraid of water. In case of contamination, it can be wiped with a damp cloth.

Diet

The diet of marmots mainly consists of plant foods (vegetables, fruits and nuts), they especially like fresh greens. You can feed them rodent food and bread. Milk and products containing animal fats are contraindicated. It is necessary to change or add water to the drinking bowl daily. Feeding the animal should only be in a cage, accustom it to this from the very first day. In their natural environment, the animals feed in the early morning and evening, in between meals they rest. Therefore, it is enough to feed the pet 2 times a day, then the bowls must be removed, leaving only water in the cage.

By the end of summer, marmots become quite well-fed, they accumulate up to 800-1200 g of fat, they increasingly stay in minks, settling in them for the winter. The physiological need for hibernation will also manifest itself at home. Groundhogs sleep for 5-6 months. They begin to fall asleep when the air temperature is about three degrees Celsius. About 2 weeks before hibernation, the groundhog's appetite worsens, and activity subsides. Cover the cage with a dark cloth so that the groundhog can prepare for hibernation, only then it can be transplanted into the preparation box. At first, the groundhog may come out to relieve himself or eat a little. You need to watch him, if within 2-3 days he does not leave the cage, then he can already be moved to a place for wintering.

In advance, you should think about an unheated and protected from the wind place (this can be a balcony or a country house). It is necessary to ensure that the air temperature does not fall below three degrees Celsius. Prepare a wooden box, covered with a metal mesh on the outside, the size of the box is 60x60x60 cm, it must be filled with shavings, sawdust and hay.