Safe finger food for babies

This is an important condition for the child's body to receive all the substances necessary for growth and development. Every day, the child's menu should include: fruits and vegetables; meat and fish; milk and dairy products; grain products (bread, cereals, cereals). Insufficiency or excess of food consumed by a child can adversely affect the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to metabolic disorders, increase overweight (even to various degrees of obesity) or lead to malnutrition.

If the child refuses, there is a healthy dish, offer him to experiment and make the dish unusual.

So, with the help of dried fruits and nuts, you can put a funny face on porridge, use ketchup and greens to draw a pattern on scrambled eggs, put mashed potatoes on a plate in the form of a snowman figure, etc.

What should not be used in children's nutrition:

1. Offal, except liver, tongue, heart; blood, liver, raw smoked sausages.
2. Deep-fried foods and culinary products, chips.
3. Curds, condensed milk with vegetable fats.
4. Koumiss and fermented milk products containing ethanol (more than 0.5%).
5. Cream confectionery containing vegetable protein.
6. First and second courses based on fast food concentrates.
7. Vinegar, mustard, horseradish, hot peppers and other hot spices and food products containing them, including hot sauces, ketchups, mayonnaises and mayonnaise sauces.
8. Pickled vegetables and fruits.
9. Natural coffee and carbonated drinks, apricot kernels, peanuts.
10. Products, including confectionery, containing alcohol.
11. Food products containing a large amount of food additives in their composition (information is indicated by the manufacturer on consumer packaging).
12. Dry concentrates for cooking first and second courses (soups, Dosherak vermicelli, cereals).

Rule 2

The child should eat regularly.

Compliance with the diet of children is of great importance for the absorption of nutrients by the body. Preschool children are recommended to eat 4-5 times a day, every 3 hours, at the same time, distributing the diet as follows: breakfast - 25%, lunch - 35%, afternoon snack - 15%, dinner - 25% . At school age, it is advisable to have four meals a day, every 4 hours with an even distribution of the daily ration: breakfast - 25%, second breakfast - 20%, lunch - 35%, dinner - 20%.

Try to stop snacking and teach your child to eat only at the table. If this still doesn't work, offer fruit, biscuits, juice for a snack - food that will help drown out hunger, but will not ruin your appetite.

Proper organization of meals at school in the form of hot school breakfasts and lunches is an important health-improving measure for student children in extended day groups, whose diet should be 50-70% of the daily norm, which, unfortunately, parents do not have enough are paying attention. Eating sandwiches, pizza, chips, chocolate bars is harmful because - this food is inferior in composition and also irritates the stomach, contributing to the development of gastritis.

Rule 3

A child's diet should replenish his daily energy expenditure.

If your child is overweight, limit the amount of sweets and high-calorie desserts, empty the refrigerator. Put a bowl of fruit on the table, a plate of whole grain bread. Children can eat fruits without any restrictions, it is almost impossible to overeat them, and they are very useful. With a lack of any mineral substance or vitamin, the child himself will ask for the apple or even greens he needs.

Try to get your child involved in sports, take walks together, even if little by little, but regularly.

Thus, building proper nutrition for children requires taking into account the characteristics of the child's body, knowledge of certain rules and principles of healthy nutrition.

The material was prepared by the editorial and publishing department of GBUZ JSC "CMP" - 2020

Safe nutrition for children under three years old in Russia

Authors : Lukinykh Svetlana Viktorovna, Shkaeva Natalya Anatolyevna, Gayazova Alena Olegovna, Popova Marina Alekseevna, Asenova Bakhytkul Kazhkenovna

Category : Engineering sciences

Posted by in young scientist No. 19 (78) November-2, 2014

Publication date of : 11/17/2014 2014-11-17

Article viewed: 427 times

Download electronic version

Download Part 2 (pdf)

Safe nutrition of children under three years of age in Russia / S. V. Lukinykh, N. A. Shkaeva, A. O. Gayazova [and others]. - Text: direct // Young scientist. - 2014. - No. 19 (78). — S. 219-222. — URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/78/13662/ (date of access: 10/15/2022).

Complete nutrition of a child is one of the conditions for normal growth and development. Much attention should be paid to the diet of children at an early age, this has a beneficial effect on the body's resistance to various infections and many other adverse external factors.

Keywords : baby food, nutritional value, vitamins, canned food, puree.

Baby food products are intended for children of the first three years of life, preschoolers, schoolchildren, in addition, these are specialized products for therapeutic nutrition of young children. Food is the main factor for the full construction of a growing organism. Children differ from adults in rapid development, growth, high rates of redox processes, a positive nitrogen balance, and high energy consumption. To ensure such functions, the body needs to constantly receive nutrients of a certain quantity and quality. When children consume defective foods, delays in physical, mental and mental development occur. Children develop various diseases [1].

It is known that during the first year of life, a child's height increases by an average of 25 cm. The daily calorie content of the diet should cover the energy consumption at each stage of the development of the child's body, the optimal diet is considered to be the one whose calorie content fully corresponds to the energy costs of the growing organism. For 5–6 month old babies, the energy requirements can be met by the baby's mother's milk. From 6 months, it is gradually recommended to introduce complementary foods, and from 8–12 months. the child can be completely transferred to feeding with various foods [2]. At the same time, complementary foods must be complete in terms of the content of vitamins, microelements, complex organic substances - proteins, fats and carbohydrates necessary for the full functioning of the child. (see table 1).

Table 1

The need of the child's body for basic nutrients and biologically active substances (g / kg per day)

It is necessary that the child's diet includes a variety of foods every day, especially vegetables and fruits, preferably fresh. But any single product cannot provide the body with all the necessary nutritional components. For example, potatoes can provide vitamin C but not iron. Therefore, for the prevention of diseases and healthy growth, the diet should contain various products [3, 10].

Herbal products contain active ingredients (metabolites) that improve metabolism and prevent a number of diseases. Animal products are a source of proteins, vitamin A, iron, and other substances that are beneficial to health. You should choose lean meat, poultry (without skin), fish, eggs, liver, and sometimes it is recommended to replace meat products with legumes: beans, peas, lentils. Vegetable protein is also of great value. The liver is one of the main sources of iron, therefore it is used to prevent iron deficiency anemia, it must be consumed at least once a week [4].

Lean meat, fish contain a significant amount of protein and are the main source of trace elements. The child needs to receive bread, cereals, pasta and potatoes. They form the basis. Potatoes and grain products are the main source of energy supply throughout the year. They are rich in carbohydrates and micronutrients, and although they contain relatively little fat and protein, their value is quite high. In addition, these products contain large amounts of dietary fiber and vitamins [5]. Also, all dairy products should be present in the diet, especially children's cottage cheese, which contains the necessary calcium for children, and is very useful for children and adults, for healthy and sick people, since it has very important therapeutic and dietary properties. First of all, it is very fast and high digestibility and assimilation. Enzymes found in dairy products break down protein. Under the influence of these enzymes, milk protein completely changes its structure and becomes very soft and loose, thus improving its absorption.

In infant formula, dairy products are introduced at about 8–9 months of age. Sometimes the pediatrician prescribes these products earlier. Especially experts recommend earlier (5-6 months) to consume dairy products for children with problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

The baby food market is developed on the territory of the Russian Federation. The health of the younger generation lies precisely in safe, complete baby food. In 2012, the baby food segment accounted for 10% of the total market. However, even with such impressive growth, the Russian market is lower than the European market, especially in the segment of formulas and cereals for young children (under 3 years old). Imports more than exports are 6 times higher. A low share of imported products are juices, liquid and pasty dairy products. Domestic producers are 1.5–2 times cheaper than foreign competitors. Russia exports baby food mainly to the CIS countries: Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan.

The structure of the baby food market is represented by such main segments as breast milk substitutes, juices, cereals, purees, tea, biscuits, cereals, dairy products. The main sales channel for baby food is super- and hypermarkets, in 2012 sales accounted for more than 50%. Shelf life, composition and environmental safety of the product are the main factors in choosing baby food. There is a positive attitude towards Russian-made products among consumers. According to statistics, 78.2% of Russians trust the quality of domestic products [6].

Products for baby food are canned food, concentrates, dry and liquid adapted mixtures, fermented milk products. Vegetable preserves include juices, purees, canned vegetables and fruits. Juices are divided into natural fruit and berry juices, made without pulp from one type of fruit or berry, apples and grapes are often used. Puree can be fruit, berry, vegetable and mixed. They are divided into several subgroups depending on the type of raw material, structure and fineness of grinding. Pureed vegetable feasts are prescribed for children from 6 months, from 10-50 g and gradually increase. Children from 10 months old can use coarsely ground canned food, for children older than one year - canned food, crushed in the form of pieces [7].

The nutritional value of canned fruits and vegetables depends on the type of fruits and vegetables they contain. According to the nutritional value, canned food is not inferior to natural products, and sometimes surpasses them due to the introduction of various nutrients: vitamins, sugars, minerals and other useful components. Vegetables and fruits are rich in fiber, pectin, are important for regulating the functions of the child's gastrointestinal tract, juices with pulp and puree are the richest in them [8]. Children's canned meat is made from beef, poultry, pork and offal. When preparing canned food, low-fat varieties are used; beef fat is poorly tolerated by young children. Food concentrates are dry products with a moisture content not exceeding 10%. Concentrates for baby food are presented in huge quantities. There are both women's milk substitutes and complementary foods. This makes it possible to ensure the feeding of children from the moment of birth up to a year and older [9]. Women's milk substitutes (dried adapted milk formulas) are intended for nutrition of children of the first year of life. Their structure is closest to human milk in terms of most nutritional factors. In addition to dry adapted milk formulas for baby food, other dairy products are also produced. Liquid milk formulas are breast milk substitutes, as well as liquid formulas intended for whole-milk complementary foods for children older than 6 months. and medicinal mixtures.

Infants and young children are very susceptible to growth retardation due to malnutrition, so the timely introduction of the right foods for the diet promotes health, digestive system and physical development during a period of accelerated growth.

The Russian baby food market is represented by a huge variety of brands. The baby food market has a distinctive feature - it is always open to new products. Therefore, experts predict that a completely new baby food will appear on the market in the coming years.

References

Young scientist. 2014. No. 8. S. 182–185.

2. Manuylova T. P., Potryasov N. V.,. Patieva A. M. Features of the nutrition of children suffering from or predisposed to anemia. Young scientist. 2014. No. 8. P. 210–214.

3. Imangalieva Zh.K., Lisin P.A., Kabulov B.B., Mustafayeva A.K., Dzhilkisheva A.G. The need to use protein and dairy products in baby food. Collection of scientific papers based on the materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference: in 5 parts. Tambov, 2013, pp. 38–39.

4. Gayazova A. O., Rebezov M. B., Pauls E. A., Akhmedyarova R. A., Kosolapova A. S. Perspective directions of development of semi-finished meat production. Young scientist. 2014. No. 9(68). pp. 127–129.

5. M. B. Rebezov, I. V. Zykova, A. M. Belokamenskaya, Ya. M. Rebezov. Quality control of the analysis result in the implementation of photoelectric photometry and stripping voltammetry techniques in the study of food samples for arsenic content. Bulletin of Novgorod State University named after Yaroslav the Wise. 2013. Vol. 2. No. 71. P. 43–48.

6. Guber N. B., Rebezov M. B., Asenova B. K. Promising methods for the development of meat bioproducts. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series: Food and Biotechnology. 2014. V. 2. No. 1. S. 72–79.

7. Gayazova A. O., Rebezov M. B., Popova M. A., Lukinykh S. V. Evaluation of the quality and safety of the developed meat and vegetable chopped semi-finished product. Young scientist. 2014. No. 10 (69). pp. 133–136.

8. Lukinykh S. V., Rebezov M. B., Popova M. A., Gayazova A. O. Evaluation of the quality and safety of the developed poultry meat roll. Young scientist. 2014. No. 10 (69). pp. 168–171.

9. Lukinykh S.V., Rebezov M.B., Kosolapova A.S., Akhmedyarova R.A., Pauls E.A. Research of the poultry meat products production market. Young scientist. 2014. No. 9(68). pp. 175–178.

10. Gayazova A. O., Rebezov M. B., Popova M. A., Lukinykh S. V., Kosolapova A. S. Production of functional foods of animal origin. Dаrіlіk өsіmdіkterdi koldanu аrkyly functionaldy tagam өnіmderіn өndіrudin ғylymi-praktikalyқ negіzі: halyқaralyқ ғylymi-tazhіribelіk konferentsynyk materialdary (Kazan 24–25, 2014 zhyl). Semey: KazIGZU, 2014. B.30–33.

Basic terms (automatically generated) : baby food, product, early age, child, women's milk, canned food, milk, nutritional value, breast milk, children's body.

Keywords

baby food, nutritional value, vitamins, canned food, puree.

Similar articles

Development of recipes and technologies for

Vitamin, maternal Milk , Children Food , BREED Milk , Vitamin A, Child , Child, Children Organization breastfeeding female milk blackcurrant.

Features

Child , School Age , iron deficiency, early Age , Organism , month of life, animal protein, iron deficiency anemia, Breast milk , substance.

Comparative evaluation of organoleptic and physico-chemical ...

Basically dairy products are produced from cow's milk . Recently, interest in the production of products

has been growing everywhere.

Composition

It is known that milk farm animals is a valuable food product . Dairy products are simply necessary for nutrition of people in all periods of their lives, especially for nutrition children , the elderly and the sick.

Some aspects of artificial feeding

Children deprived of breastmilk must be provided with full nutrition that contains vitamins, microelements and minerals necessary for a growing organism [3] and does not require proof judgment. ..

9017 The experience of the BUZ VO "Rossoshskaya RB" on the implementation of...

breastfeeding feeding, child , breastfeeding milk , breast , nipple, obstetric department, female milk , mother, Voronezh, mammary gland .

Milk and dairy products are one of the most important nutritional products , which are recommended to be consumed daily, especially children adolescents and adolescents,

adolescents, 40004. Physiological effects and the role of functional products ...

Among the products nutrition milk and dairy products are of special nutritional value . Fermented milk products are among the most valuable nutritional and biological products.

Milk - vegetable drinks for school meals

Nutritional value milk reflects the completeness of its useful qualities. Among food products products milk is the most complete, the most balanced in terms of essential substances product recommended for nutrition people of all age categories.

Similar articles

Development of recipes and technologies for

children's fruit and vegetable...

Vitamin, maternal Milk , Children Food , BREED Milk , Vitamin A, Child , Child Children , black currant.

Features

nutrition children suffering or... | young scientist

child , school age , iron deficiency, early age , body child , month of life, animal protein, iron deficiency anemia, breast milk, substance

Comparative evaluation of organoleptic and physico-chemical .

..

Basically dairy products are produced from cow's milk . Recently, interest in the production of products

This is an exceptionally valuable, healing and easily digestible product with a high nutritional value and biological value .

Composition

It is known that milk farm animals is a valuable food product . Dairy products essential for nutrition people in all periods of his life, especially for nutrition children , the elderly and the sick.

Some aspects of artificial feeding

Children deprived of breastfeeding milk must be provided with full nutrition that contains vitamins, microelements and minerals necessary for a growing organism [3] and does not require proof judgment. ..