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10 Best Baby Formulas in 2022
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There’s not one brand or type of formula that’s universally best for all babies. And all infant formulas you’ll find sold in the United States have to go through the same nutritional and safety testing via the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
That doesn’t mean all formulas are the same, though. Some babies may do great with one brand or type; others not so much. It all comes down to finding what settles best with your baby.
You can find formula in three forms: powdered, liquid concentrate, and ready-to-eat. Powdered and liquid concentrate must be mixed with water before feeding to your baby. Ready-to-eat bottles contain liquid formula that’s already diluted with the appropriate amount of water.
Beyond that, the choices revolve around the formula’s content. Most formulas are made from cow’s milk, but you can also find soy and protein hydrolysate formulas for babies who have certain intolerances or allergies. Goat’s milk baby formula is another option.
No matter which you choose, it’s important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions on how to mix the formula. Diluting the formula with too much water can decrease the nutritional value, and it can lead to electrolyte imbalances that can cause seizures. Meanwhile, adding too little water can harm a baby’s delicate organs.
Breast milk vs. formula
Breast milk is the ideal food for babies. Both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the World Health Organization recommend breastfeeding exclusively for the first 6 months of life.
That said, not all parents breastfeed, whether by necessity or choice — and it is a personal decision. For more on the subject, read:
- guide to breastfeeding
- benefits of breastfeeding
- breastfeeding vs. formula
- World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations
- the AAP on breastfeeding and baby’s immune system
- Best baby formula for colic: Gerber Good Start SoothePro Powder Infant Formula
- Best baby formula for reflux: Enfamil A. R. Infant Formula
- Best baby formula for gas: Enfamil Gentlease Infant Formula
- Best baby formula for constipation: Enfamil Reguline Infant Formula
- Most similar to breast milk: Similac 360 Total Care Non-GMO Infant Formula Powder
- Best baby formula for preemies: Similac NeoSure
- Best baby formula for allergies: Enfamil Nutramigen with Enflora LGG Powder Infant Formula
- Best organic baby formula: Earth’s Best Organic Sensitivity Infant Formula
- Best plant-based baby formula: Gerber Good Start Soy Powder Infant Formula
- Best budget baby formula: Up&Up Advantage HMO Infant Formula
When we select the “best” options, we aren’t saying that one brand has necessarily been proven better or more effective than all the others. In fact, this isn’t true at all.
A comprehensive review of formula feeding in American Family Physician reveals that there’s no reason to recommend one formula brand over another. Instead, they’re described as “nutritionally interchangeable.”
So, in making this list, the following formulas earn high marks from parents for things like helping baby’s tummy issues, ease of use, store availability, and overall value.
Your baby may do well on one formula and not another due to reasons that are very individual and hard to pin down. As always, we recommend speaking with your pediatrician if you have concerns about your baby’s nutrition or digestion.
So what else should you be looking for in infant formula?
Well, the good news is that in the U.S., infant formulas are required to meet FDA nutritional standards. Baby formulas made in Europe are required to meet the European Food Safety Agency standards. So any formula you choose should meet the minimum nutritional requirements for your baby.
The FDA requires minimum amounts of 29 key nutrients and gives maximum quantities for 9 of the nutrients required in baby formulas.
The key nutrients a baby needs are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. There will also be a bunch of vitamins and micronutrients, such as iron (crucial for development), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (beneficial for brain health), lutein (beneficial for eyes), prebiotics/probiotics (for digestive and immune health), and choline (beneficial for the nervous system).
There are some key things to look for as you’re choosing a formula:
- The ingredient list: The front label can say almost anything the company wants it to and isn’t actually that helpful when choosing a formula. The ingredients, especially the first few, will tell you the most.
- Type of protein: What type of protein is the base for the formula — cow’s milk, soy milk, or goat’s milk?
- Size of the protein: Standard formulas made with cow’s milk or soy milk have big proteins that are a little harder for many babies to digest. Partially hydrolyzed proteins are smaller, while fully hydrolyzed proteins are the smallest. Partially and fully hydrolyzed protein formulas are closer to the size of proteins found in breast milk, and are often labeled “gentle” or “hypoallergenic. ” Fully hydrolyzed protein formulas are usually only necessary in the case of severe allergies or digestive issues, so check with your doctor before going this route.
- Type of carbohydrate: The main types are lactose (the sugar found in milk, including human breast milk), sucrose (table sugar), and glucose (corn syrup, brown rice syrup, glucose syrup, and maltodextrin).
- A broken seal: If the seal on the container is broken or missing, you should not purchase, or should return, that container of formula, as it could be contaminated.
- Product recalls: Periodically check for product recalls before purchasing formula.
- Expiration date: Check the container before purchasing (and before using if you have a stash built up).
- Preparation instructions: Double-check the preparation instructions, especially if you’re switching to a new formula. This is particularly important if you are switching to a European formula, as the units of measurement may be different.
- Pediatrician’s expertise: Always check with your pediatrician if there’s a formula you want to use that seems very niche or off-market, has significantly fewer nutrients (check the nutrition info label) than other formulas, or you have any concerns about choosing a formula.
A note about the baby formula shortages
Due to supply chain issues secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as recent safety recalls from major formula companies, many baby formulas are currently out of stock. It is much more difficult to find the variety and quantity of baby formulas that used to be available.
If you are struggling to find the baby formula you need, try giving your pediatrician’s office a call. They may have sample cans available or be able to advise you on the closest match for your baby’s formula. Other resources may include your local WIC office (a federal assistance nutrition program for women, infants, and children), social media infant feeding groups, or large online grocery retailers.
If your baby isn’t on a specialty formula for metabolic disorders, they should be able to safely switch between formula types. If you are unsure whether the type of formula you found is right for your baby, give your pediatrician a call.
While it may be tempting, the FDA and AAP both strongly advise against making homemade baby formulas.
Price guide
- $ = under $1 per ounce
- $$ = $1 – $2 per ounce
- $$$ = Over $2 per ounce
Best baby formula for colic
Unfortunately, there’s no solid evidence to suggest that a certain formula is a solution to colic. Most medical experts agree that colic is most likely caused by a combination of infant temperament and environment.
However, some babies (up to 7% of formula-fed babies, according to this 2016 study) do have a cow’s milk protein allergy that contributes to their crying. A true allergy will usually be accompanied by other symptoms such as runny or bloody stools or chronic nasal congestion.
If you’re at your wit’s end trying to help soothe your baby, it may not hurt to try a different formula, such as one with a more easily digestible form of protein. Check in with your pediatrician. If your baby does have a cow’s milk protein allergy, a hydrolyzed (hypoallergenic) formula may provide them with a lot of relief.
Typically, colic tends to ease up between your baby’s 4- and 6-month birthday. Even though colic can be incredibly challenging as a parent, there is light at the end of the tunnel.
Gerber Good Start SoothePro Powder Infant Formula
Price: $$
Key features: Gerber claims that Good Start SoothePro has the “gentleness of breast milk” and helps with anything from excessive crying episodes to fussiness and gas. It contains just 30% lactose, which the brand says may ease baby’s stomach (though research into this is lacking, and lactose is actually the same sugar found in human breast milk). It also contains a blend of prebiotics and probiotics.
Considerations: Parents generally like this formula, but some feel it can be a bit clumpy and hard to dissolve in the bottle. A few say that SoothePro smells bad and that their babies don’t love the taste and occasionally refuse to drink it.
Pros
- easy to find in stores (although current shortage issues may change this)
- prebiotic and probiotic blend may help with digestion
- claims to be very gentle on baby tummies
Cons
- can be clumpy and challenging to mix
- unpleasant smell and taste for some babies
- low lactose
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Best baby formula for reflux
Is spit-up becoming more than just a laundry issue in your house? Formula-fed babies actually have higher rates of reflux than breastfed babies. These issues tend to peak around the 4-month mark.
There are formulas on the market that are thickened by rice. They may help decrease the frequency of spit-ups but should be used with the guidance of your pediatrician, as it’s not always recommended.
Enfamil A.R. Infant Formula
Price: $$
Key features: As with other thickened formulas, Enfamil’s A.R. formula contains rice starch to help thicken and settle better in baby’s stomach. The manufacturers of this formula supported a study in 2003 that showed it can reduce babies’ spit-up episodes by up to 50%. Anecdotally, many grandmothers will also tell you that they added rice cereal to their baby’s bottles to reduce spit-up “back in the day”.
Considerations: You’ll want to speak with your pediatrician before offering thickened formula to your baby. While some parents swear this is the best formula they’ve ever tried, others share that this mix really didn’t help their baby’s spit-up issue enough. A thickened formula could be more difficult for certain babies to digest.
Some parents may also be tempted to add rice cereal to bottles to thicken the formula, but this is not recommended due to safety concerns like choking, allergies, and excessive weight gain.
Pros
- may reduce incidence of spit-up or reflux pain in infants with gastroesophageal reflux (GER), which can have a big impact on quality of life for the family
- no known long-term risks to adding rice starch to infant formula
Cons
- may not help some babies
- could be more difficult for some babies to digest
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Best baby formula for gas
Those toots might be cute at first. But your baby may have a lot of discomfort with gas. Keep in mind that severe gas may be a sign of allergy or other medical issue. So, if switching formulas doesn’t help, head in for a check-up.
Enfamil Gentlease Infant Formula
Price: $$
Key features: Enfamil claims that in clinical trials this partially-hydrolyzed formula reduced gas and associated fussiness and crying in just one day. This formula also contains a high amount of DHA to help nourish and develop your baby’s brain. (It’s worth noting that there is some conflicting research about how much DHA is actually beneficial for babies).
Considerations: Many parents are pleased with this formula and feel it does seem to help their babies. A few noted that they didn’t like the packaging and that the formula left an oily residue in the bottle after feeding.
Pros
- partially hydrolyzed proteins may be easier for many babies to digest, reducing gas and fussiness
- contains DHA, choline, and prebiotics to help support baby’s brain and immune system
- very positive parent reviews, as well as some support from clinical research
Cons
- does contain milk and soy proteins, so may not be suitable for infants with a true allergy
- may leave residue in bottles
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Best baby formula for constipation
There aren’t many formulas specifically marketed to help with constipation, since constipation isn’t terribly common in infants.
However, constipation is more common in formula-fed babies than in breastfed babies, since breast milk is easier to digest. Often, formula-fed babies have stools between two and three times a day before starting solids, and two times a day after starting solids.
Or, your baby might have a different routine.
But if they seem to be straining and passing hard stools, or suddenly start going longer and longer without a dirty diaper, they may be constipated. You can try a different formula, and speak to your doctor about other ways to get things moving.
Enfamil Reguline Infant Formula
Price: $$
Key features: Enfamil claims this formula will help your little one poop more comfortably within a week of use. It contains a special blend of prebiotics that Enfamil says aids with digestion. Like other varieties, this formula is gentle enough that it can be used every day. While iron can be constipating for babies, this formula does still contain iron, which is essential to healthy development.
Considerations: Reviews are mixed on whether or not this formula is a magic fix for constipation. A few parents note that their child’s stools turned dark green while using this formula. Others say it gave their babies diarrhea and more gas.
Pros
- contains a blend of prebiotics that may help keep bowel movements regular
- still contains iron and other essential nutrients
Cons
- gets mixed reviews from parents
- some parents said this made their baby’s bowel issues worse
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Most similar to breast milk
Maybe your baby will receive formula only part-time in combination with nursing. In this case, you may want a formula that’s as similar to breast milk as possible. We’ve called out our top pick below.
That being said, you can use any infant formula for supplementing a breastfed baby. The differences between formulas are mainly related to the protein size and type, not whether they interact well with breast milk. So, monitor what works best for your baby.
Similac 360 Total Care Non-GMO Infant Formula Powder
Price: $$
Key features: Similac claims that this formula is their closest in composition to human breast milk. It includes a blend of DHA, lutein, and vitamin E — all nutrients found in breast milk. It also includes more prebiotics than any other type of Similac formula on the market.
In fact, it contains 5 HMO (human milk oligosaccharides) prebiotics, which is why the company claims it is more similar to breast milk than other formulas.
Considerations: A good number of parents share very positive reviews of this formula. It is worth noting that it contains cow’s milk protein that has not been hydrolyzed (broken down), so it is a larger protein than those found in human breast milk.
Pros
- contains nutrients found in breast milk
- contains a large amount of prebiotics
- claims to be a gentle formula with a nutritional profile similar to breast milk
Cons
- it has not been scientifically proven that this formula is better than other infant formulas
- it contains larger cow’s milk proteins, which some babies may have trouble digesting
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Best baby formula for preemies
Human milk is the ideal choice for preemies; however, it may not always be available. Babies born prematurely may need additional support nutritionally.
As a result, formulas for preemies focus on higher calories — usually 22 to 24 per ounce versus the standard 20 — to help boost weight gain. They may also contain nutrients geared at promoting long-term growth and development.
Similac NeoSure
Price: $$
Key features: This product includes additional calories — as well as nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus — to help baby grow in the first year. Specifically, the enriched formula aims to help premature babies “catch up” in growth better than they might with standard term formulas.
Considerations: While most parents explain that this formula truly did help their babies catch up, some shared it came at a price of constipation, gas, and other digestive issues. This formula isn’t sold at all stores, so you may need to order it online.
And talk with your doctor about whether to use formula with extra calories and how long to continue with it — some recommend switching to term formulas after a few months.
Specialty formulas such as this one are especially important to use under medical supervision. It’s also important to follow the formula preparation instructions exactly to reduce the risk of infection from a certain bacteria called Cronobacter sakazakii.
Other options: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests that liquid forms of formula may be safer for preemies and babies with compromised immune systems. Why? In rare cases, powdered formula may harbor a germ called Cronobacter sakazakii that can lead to infection (and is riskier for preemie babies). Speak with your doctor if you have concerns and for specific formula suggestions.
Pros
- higher calories and nutrient enrichment may be beneficial for preterm infants
- preemie babies typically start life at a lower birth weight, and an enriched formula may help them “catch up” on their growth curve
Cons
- may cause digestive issues
- must be used under medical supervision
- not as widely available as standard infant formulas
- powdered formulas could be more prone to contamination, which is a bigger risk for preemies
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Best baby formula for allergies
Some babies may be allergic to cow’s milk protein and need hypoallergenic formula — specifically, one where the protein has been broken down either partially or extensively. These formulas are also called protein hydrolysate formulas. They’re for babies who can’t drink standard milk- or soy-based varieties.
Enfamil Nutramigen with Enflora LGG Powder Infant Formula
Price: $$$
Key features: This formula is free of lactose and sucrose. Enfamil boasts “fast management of colic” right on the label. Some 90% of babies experienced relief from their symptoms within 48 hours of switching, at least according to Enfamil’s own research.
This formula may reduce future allergy issues — again, according to Enfamil-sponsored research. The brand claims it reduced crying in 90% of babies within 48 hours. Speaking anecdotally, we know a number of parents who found huge relief in their baby’s eczema, colicky crying, and runny stools after switching to Nutramigen.
Considerations: Keep in mind that Nutramigen may not help your baby if their issues aren’t caused by an allergy. This formula is also on the higher end of cost per ounce. Some parents share that the formula smells and tastes bad.
Other options: You can also find Nutramigen in a liquid concentrate form. This means that you’ll mix the liquid with water for bottles instead of using powder. Some parents find this method more convenient.
Pros
- hydrolyzed protein is much smaller and easier to digest, as it is a more similar size to breast milk proteins
- broken down proteins won’t trigger an allergic reaction in baby’s with a cow’s milk protein or soy protein allergy
- may provide significant relief of colic or allergy symptoms
Cons
- unpleasant taste and smell
- quite expensive
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Best organic baby formula
Formulas labeled organic must meet certain standards, like being made without contaminants such as prohibited synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Organic formulas are also free from artificial flavors and colors, growth hormones, preservatives, and other additives.
Earth’s Best Organic Sensitivity Infant Formula
Price: $$
Key features: Earth’s Best’s Sensitivity blend is made with 95% less lactose than standard formulas. This means it may be more easily digested by babies who are sensitive to lactose (which is very uncommon). Its dairy ingredients are organic, coming from grass-fed cows, and the formula also contains omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, lutein, and prebiotics to support your baby’s immune system.
Additionally, this formula uses water-extracted DHA (many DHA sources in formulas are hexane-extracted, which involves more chemicals).
Considerations: Some parents explain that they like the formula, but that it can be inconsistent from batch to batch (some more foamy, for example). Others like that this formula tastes like milk, but a few note that they’re unhappy with the high corn syrup solids content. It’s worth noting, though, that corn syrup solids, also sometimes called “maltodextrin,” is a common ingredient in most infant formulas.
Pros
- organic dairy may mean exposing your baby to fewer harmful chemicals
- still contains fatty acids and prebiotics to support baby’s immune system, just like standard formulas
- relatively affordable for an organic formula
- better taste than many formulas
Cons
- may be inconsistent texture
- higher corn syrup solids content than some formulas
- lower lactose is not necessarily beneficial, as lactose intolerance is extremely uncommon in infants
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Best plant-based baby formula
Fun fact: Around 25% of all formula sold in the U.S. is soy-based. These formulas are free of both lactose and cow’s milk protein, and may be better digested by some babies with certain medical conditions.
Talk with your doctor before switching to soy, however. Some studies show that preterm babies fed soy gain significantly less weight than those on standard formulas. And unfortunately, many babies with true cow’s milk allergies are also allergic to soy protein.
Gerber Good Start Soy Powder Infant Formula
Price: $
Key features: Gerber claims that their soy formula can help ease the fussiness and gas babies experience with cow milk allergies. The formula includes soy protein, vitamin D, DHA, and added calcium to support growth and development.
Considerations: Soy may not be the magic answer for all babies, particularly as many babies with cow’s milk allergies also have soy allergies. Plant-based proteins are not necessarily easier for babies to digest. Some parents share that this formula made gas and colic issues worse with their little ones. Others say the powder is lumpy and difficult to mix.
Pros
- plant-based soy formula does not have animal protein
- relatively affordable
- contains added calcium
Cons
- many babies who are allergic to cow’s milk protein are also allergic to soy protein
- some parents found this worsened digestive issues
- some parents reported this formula is difficult to mix well
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Best budget baby formula
Your baby drinks a ton of formula in the first year, and many formulas are quite pricey. So, you may just be thinking of the bottom line. Good news for you — beyond the well-known formula manufacturers, there are some solid generic options that provide the same nutrition and safety for a fraction of the cost.
Up&Up Advantage HMO Infant Formula
Price: $
Key features: Target’s Advantage formula is modeled after Similac Advance, and also contains 2′-FL human milk oligosaccharide. This non-GMO dairy formula has DHA, lutein, vitamin E, and choline. Typically, it’s widely available either in-store or online at Target, although finding it online is harder in the current climate.
Considerations: Many parents give this formula high marks for mixing easily and not upsetting baby’s tummy. One reviewer noticed some brown clumps in the bottle after mixing. Keep in mind that many of the online reviews you’ll find are part of a promotion program, so they should be taken with a grain of salt.
Pros
- ingredient profile is very similar to brand-name competitors
- typically pretty widely available at Target stores
- easy to mix
- well tolerated by babies
- much more affordable than many formulas
Cons
- some parents noticed brown clumps even after mixing
- lesser-known production company
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Products | Price | Key ingredients | Pros | Cons |
Gerber Good Start SoothePro Powder Infant Formula | $$ | 2′-FL HMO (prebiotic), L. reuteri (probiotic), partially hydrolyzed (smaller) milk protein, DHA | may be easier for babies to digest, relieving tummy discomfort and crying | some babies may object to taste |
Enfamil A.R. Infant Formula | $$ | milk protein, DHA, rice starch (for thickening) | thicker texture may reduce spit-up | may be harder to feed, or for some babies to digest |
Enfamil Gentlease Infant Formula | $$ | partially broken down (hydrolyzed) milk protein, DHA, choline, prebiotics | smaller proteins may be easier for some babies to digest; prebiotics may promote gut health | not suitable for babies with cow’s milk or soy allergies |
Enfamil Reguline Infant Formula | $$ | partially hydrolyzed whey (milk) protein, blend of several prebiotics | may promote regular stools in babies who are constipated | could alternatively cause tummy upset for some babies |
Similac 360 Total Care Non-GMO Infant Formula Powder | $$ | whey (milk) protein, more HMO prebiotics than other formulas, lutein, DHA, choline | may be more similar to breast milk, given higher concentration of prebiotics (which breast milk also has) | not necessarily better than other formulas |
Similac NeoSure | $$ | milk protein, DHA, lutein, vitamin E | more calories per ounce to help preemie babies grow | must be used under medical supervision |
Enfamil Nutramigen with Enflora LGG Powder Infant Formula | $$$ | completely hydrolyzed proteins, DHA, probiotics, vitamins | completely broken down proteins can be digested by babies with cow’s milk allergy (or other allergies) to relieve bloody stools, crying, etc. | more expensive than standard formulas |
Earth’s Best Organic Sensitivity Infant Formula | $$ | organic, reduced-lactose milk, prebiotic fiber, DHA, water-extracted DHA | may contain fewer chemicals or harmful ingredients than non-organic formulas | inconsistent texture, low lactose may not be beneficial |
Gerber Good Start Soy Powder Infant Formula | $ | soy proteins, DHA, vitamins | may be a good source of protein for babies who can’t tolerate cow’s milk | many babies with cow’s milk allergies are also allergic to soy |
Up&Up Advantage HMO Infant Formula | $ | 2′-FL HMO, DHA, lutein, vitamin E, choline | a very similar ingredient profile to more expensive big-brand formulas | some inconsistency with texture |
At the most basic level, there’s really no wrong choice when it comes to formula. Since everything you’ll find is technically safe to use, that means that what you put in your cart is really up to you, your preferences, your budget, and what you can find.
You might ask yourself if a certain brand or type:
- is easy to find at a local store or online
- has a price point that fits within your budget
- meets your need for convenience (powder vs. liquid or pre-portioned)
- is appropriate for your child’s special needs (allergy, prematurity, etc.)
Beyond that, you’ll need to see what works best for your baby. Know that most formulas contain 20 calories per ounce. Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, you should choose a brand that contains iron (most do) to help prevent iron deficiency anemia.
Anything else that’s added to the formula, like fatty acids and other ingredients “found in breast milk,” are completely safe, but they may or may not provide the benefits written on the box.
Once you’ve chosen your formula, you’ll want to make sure you prepare it in a safe way.
Always use the measuring scoop that comes with your formula. The AAP recommends cooling boiled water for 5 minutes before mixing with formula and then allowing the bottle to cool to room temperature before serving.
- Wash your hands with soap and water before grabbing bottles and preparing your formula. While you’re at it, make sure your bottles are clean and nipples intact.
- Check the date on your formula container to make sure it’s not expired. Examine the container for breaks in the seal, rust marks, leaks, and other signs that the formula is compromised.
- Use water from a safe source. You might consider boiling water for a minute and cooling before mixing bottles as well. And if you don’t think your tap water is safe to use, you may want to purchase bottled water.
- Measure out the water first before adding powder or liquid concentrate. It’s very important to follow the directions on the box for how much water you’ll use. Diluting formula with too much water or too little water can lead to serious health problems for your baby.
- If you choose to warm your baby’s bottle, do so by putting the bottle in a pot of warm water on the stove or use a bottle warmer. Heat to body temperature. Never use a microwave to heat formula.
- Use prepared formula within 2 hours or store it in the refrigerator for 24 hours. And discard any formula your baby doesn’t finish after a feeding.
- Feed your baby in an upright position and burp often to help relieve symptoms of colic. You may also want to look into curved bottles or those that use collapsible bags to reduce air intake.
- If your baby is under 3 months old, was born prematurely, or has other health issues, your doctor may have additional guidelines for preparing formula.
Looking to switch formulas?
While it’s safe to switch between brands and types, you may not want to switch frequently, and it’s not recommended. If there’s an allergy or some kind of adverse reaction, it will be difficult to identify the source if they were used too close together.
In other words, try giving your baby one type of formula for 1 to 2 weeks before switching.
Which baby formula is the closest formula to breast milk?
The reality is that no formula can completely mimic human breast milk. However, scientific and nutritional advances have come a long way in recent years, and there are some great options.
Any of the formulas on our list should meet your baby’s nutritional needs for the first year of life, providing they don’t have a special medical condition.
The formula most structurally similar to human breast milk is Similac 360 Total Care. This formula contains an unprecedented 5 HMOs, which are prebiotics found in breast milk that should help babies digest and absorb nutrients. It also contains DHA (which is found in varying amounts in human milk), ARA, carbs, fats, and vitamins that are meant to mimic those found in breast milk.
This formula also contains cow’s milk proteins that are not hydrolyzed, so they are still quite a bit larger than the proteins found in human milk.
What are the 3 types of baby formula?The three main types of infant formulas include:
- cow’s milk protein-based formulas
- soy protein-based formulas
- protein hydrolysate (broken down) formulas
These types of formulas can come prepared three ways:
- Powdered formula: must be mixed with water before feeding
- Liquid concentrate formula: must also be mixed with water before feeding
- Ready-to-use formula: comes already mixed to the correct ratio
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect supply chains across a number of industries, as well as the number of people in the workforce. Additionally, there have been some recent product recalls and factory closures at large formula manufacturers due to suspected unsafe or contaminated formulas.
These factors have combined to result in a much lower availability of infant formula.
There are many formula options available. Breast milk is always recommended as the first choice for a baby’s optimal health, but all formulas will meet the basic nutritional needs of your baby. The key is preparing them in a safe way.
Still don’t know which formula to choose? Ask your pediatrician. Your child’s doctor may be able to point you in the right direction based on your baby’s health history or your personal preferences. Same goes with switching formula brands or types.
As an added bonus, your pediatrician’s office may even have coupons or free samples so you can try before you buy.
Is it Right For You?
Choosing to breastfeed or bottle-feed is a personal decision. It’s one of the first important decisions you’ll make as a new parent. Both have pros and cons.
Over the years, the issue has been controversial, often leading to parents feeling judged for choosing bottle-fed formula over breast milk. Don’t let the haters get you down either way.
There’s no right or wrong choice, just the healthiest choice for you and your baby. Before settling on one or the other, you’ll want to have all the facts.
If you’re unsure of how you’d like to feed your baby, read on to learn more about each method.
Trusted health organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) strongly recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and continuing after solid foods are introduced, until at least the age of 1 or longer.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends breastfeeding until the age of 2 or longer. It may sound like a long time, but there are great reasons for it.
Most experts agree that breastfeeding is the best way for newborns and infants to get nutrition and big health benefits. Starting to breastfeed within 1 hour after giving birth affords even more benefits.
Pros
Breastfeeding is good for both your health and your baby’s health. Here are some of the benefits for you and your baby.
Availability- Breastfeeding is free — barring the cost of any lactation consultants and accessories like nursing bras. Pumps, bottles, formula, and other bottle-feeding products can be costly.
- Breast milk doesn’t require any prep work. It’s ready when your baby is ready. Aren’t bodies amazing?
- Has all the nutrients: Breast milk has all the nutrients your baby needs to grow and stay healthy, including in the first few days when nutrient-rich colostrum is produced.
- Promotes a healthy digestive system: Breastfed babies are less likely to have diarrhea and upset stomach.
- Strengthens baby’s immune system: Breast milk helps protect against ear infections, pneumonia, bacterial, and viral infections.
- Might boost IQ: Research suggests that breastfed babies, especially exclusively breastfed babies, may have a somewhat higher IQ than if they were formula-fed.
- Prevents SIDS: Breastfeeding reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), especially exclusive breastfeeding.
- Benefits preemie health: Feeding human milk to preterm infants or other medically fragile babies in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) lowers the rates of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which increases survival chances and decreases the length of NICU stays.
- Lowers risk for other conditions: Breastfeeding potentially protects against conditions like asthma and allergies, diabetes, and obesity.
- Helps with recovery: It can help your uterus get back to prepregnancy size faster.
- May help with weight loss: Your body’s production of milk burns extra calories that can lead to weight loss. (Though not always!)
- Can help you retain iron: Breastfeeding keeps your period from returning, which can prevent an iron deficiency after giving birth.
- Promotes good hormones: Allows your body to release hormones (like oxytocin) that help you bond with your baby.
- Lowers risk of some diseases: Reduces your risk of getting breast and ovarian cancer, heart disease, and diabetes.
- Lowers risk of postpartum depression: A 2012 study indicated that the benefits were even greater when you breastfeed for longer than 4 months.
If you choose to breastfeed, your healthcare provider will likely recommend that you do it for as long as you’re able and still feel comfortable.
The longer you breastfeed, the greater these health benefits are for you and your baby.
Cons
Although breastfeeding is healthier and more beneficial for you and your baby, it can also come with challenges. Many of them can be overcome with the help of a lactation consultant and some perseverance.
Don’t be discouraged if it takes some time to get it right. Here are some common challenges:
- You may feel discomfort, particularly during the first few days or weeks.
- There isn’t a way to measure how much your baby is eating.
- You’ll need to watch your medication use, caffeine, and alcohol intake. Some substances that go into your body are passed to the baby through your milk.
- Newborns eat frequently. Keeping up with a feeding schedule may be difficult if you need to return to work or run errands. (Though pumping can help!).
Bottle-feeding can mean either feeding your baby breast milk from a bottle, or using formula in a bottle. Breast milk given from a bottle still has similar nutrients, but can give you more flexibility because the baby isn’t only relying on your body for food.
Freezing breast milk has been shown to reduce a bit of its nutritive and immunologic value compared to fresh, but it’s still going to retain its antibodies that are oh-so beneficial to your baby (and not found in formula).
Formula is manufactured, and while it’s regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and does contain lots of nutrients, it’s still not a perfect match for the benefits breast milk provides.
Pros
- A family member or caretaker can feed your baby when you aren’t able to be there.
- You can see how much your baby is eating at each feeding.
- Babies eating formula don’t need to eat as often as breastfed babies.
- Fathers, siblings, and other family members get the chance to bond with baby during feeding time.
Cons
- Formula doesn’t provide the same protection against infections, diseases, and conditions as breast milk.
- You need to mix and prepare formula to make sure it’s the correct temperature.
- Bottles, formula, rubber nipples, and breast pumps can be expensive.
- Formula can cause digestive trouble like constipation and gas.
- Powdered formula requires access to clean water, which may be a health issue depending on where you live.
Whether you decide to breastfeed or bottle-feed, you’ll eventually still need to begin the process of weaning, which means to completely stop breast milk or formula.
This is usually not done until 9 to 12 months or later. The general rule is that babies should have only breast milk or a fortified formula for the first 6 months of life.
Even after introducing other foods, your doctor will likely advise allowing the baby to breastfeed for as long as it feels comfortable for both of you. The WHO recommends continuing breastfeeding as an additional food source, up to age 2 or longer.
If you’re breastfeeding, the weaning process should be done carefully, but it doesn’t have to be hard.
Some parents follow the baby’s lead, letting them decide when to reduce breastfeeding. Other parents begin the weaning process themselves. This method can be more difficult, especially if your baby is still really attached to breastfeeding. (If this is the case, consider if it’s necessary to stop at that point at all. )
Start slowly, gradually reducing the amount you’re feeding over time. Not only will this help baby, it’ll also help your body get used to producing less milk and eventually stopping altogether.
You might eliminate one daytime feeding at first, but continue morning and bedtime feedings. Babies tend to be more attached to the first and last feedings of the day.
There’s no clear medical recommendation regarding which food or foods babies should have first. Starting with whole foods like puréed vegetables, mashed avocado, and mashed sweet potato is recommended.
A traditional starter food, rice cereal, has little nutritional value and has been associated with arsenic content. The FDA notes that iron-fortified, single grain, white rice cereal shouldn’t be your baby’s only source of food, nor does it need to be the first source. Whole foods are probably your best bet.
After your baby has adjusted to their first food, you can start adding others, including whole grain cereals, fruits, vegetables, and meats. Make sure there is no added salt, sugar, or seasoning in the foods.
Introduce one food at a time and wait a few days to make sure your baby isn’t having an allergic reaction or trouble digesting it.
Sometimes moms aren’t able to breastfeed for medical reasons. You might also have a demanding schedule that doesn’t allow for flexibility needed to breastfeed.
But the benefits of breastfeeding are pretty huge, so if you can, give it a try. It may just become your favorite part of the day.
Getting the facts ahead of time and coming up with your own plan can help ease any stress and anxiety around feeding baby. Remember that this is your decision. You should do what feels best for your family.
If you’re having trouble making a decision, talking to your doctor, midwife, or lactation professional may help.
Complementary food menu. Complementary feeding by months
There is a need to introduce new products and dishes into his diet, different in their nutritional and biological value, composition, texture and taste. The introduction of complementary foods is an important and crucial moment in organizing the proper feeding of a child in the first year of life, so the approach to it must be responsible and reasonable. The expansion of the child's nutrition is caused by the need to additionally introduce a number of nutrients into his body, the intake of which only with human milk or an adapted mixture becomes insufficient at a certain stage in the development of the child's body. In particular, the child's body needs proteins, fats, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, a wide range of minerals and trace elements necessary for its further growth and development. Many children, especially in winter and spring, begin to experience a deficiency of certain vitamins.
Introduce complementary foods earlier than 3-4 months. inappropriate, since the child's body is not yet ready for this. In addition, early complementary feeding may reduce the frequency and activity of suckling and thus crowd out breastfeeding. At the same time, introducing complementary foods after 6-7 months is also not advisable, because this may cause problems with the perception of denser food, various negative reactions, up to reflex vomiting on solid food particles and the development of deficient conditions.
Rules for the introduction of complementary foods
In order for the introduction of complementary foods to go smoothly, the following rules must be followed.
1. You can start the introduction of any new product only when the child is healthy.
2. Complementary foods should not be introduced during the hot season, as well as during preventive vaccinations.
3. During the period of introducing complementary foods, breast milk (adapted milk formula) remains the main type of nutrition for the child.
4. A new product or a new dish should be given in the morning in order to be able to note a possible reaction to it.
5. Complementary foods are given before breastfeeding (adapted formula).
6. Complementary foods must be given from a spoon, and not through a nipple.
7. Complementary foods begin to be given in a semi-liquid (homogenized) consistency, then the food becomes more dense.
8. The introduction of a new product (dish) begins with small quantities with a gradual increase in volume.
9. Complementary foods must begin with one type of product of this group with the gradual inclusion of new ones.
10. As complementary foods, it is better to use industrial products that have a stable composition and are made from environmentally friendly raw materials.
For each baby, the timing of the introduction of complementary foods is individual. As a rule, the first complementary foods coincide with the age of 5.5-6 months and do not prevent further breastfeeding or artificial feeding.
juices are the first to be introduced into the child's diet. Juices are a source of sugars, potassium, iron, β-carotene. They can be monocomponent (from one type of fruit) and polycomponent, consisting of 2 or more fruits, berries or vegetables. They may be clarified or contain pulp. The nutritional value of juices with pulp is higher. First, monocomponent clarified juices (preferably apple, pear), without sugar are introduced. The sweetness in these juices is achieved by selecting sweet fruits containing natural sugars. They begin to introduce juices from 4–4.5 months with ½ tsp. and gradually, in the absence of a reaction, increase the amount; from 5.5 months you can enter polycomponent juices. For children suffering from unstable stools, it is best to give juices from blueberries, blackcurrants, cherries, pomegranates, which contain tannins and act as a fixative. Cabbage and beetroot juices, prunes nectar, which act as a laxative, are very useful for children with constipation.
2 weeks after the administration of juices, fruit purees are prescribed. They can be monocomponent or multicomponent, as well as combined, when dairy additives (cottage cheese, yogurt, cream) or grain additives (specially processed rice, corn, oatmeal) are added to their composition. Fruit purees are also divided according to the degree of grinding: homogenized for children aged 4–6 months. and puree for children 6-9 months. Fruit purees are a source of natural sugars, vitamin C, β-carotene, potassium, iron, bioflavonoids that increase the activity of the immune system. Fruit purees, as well as juices with pulp, contain dietary fiber that regulates intestinal motility. They participate in the normalization of the intestinal microflora and are able to remove toxic substances from the body. With an unstable stool, it is better to use puree from apples, pears, bananas, rich in pectins, which have a beneficial effect on digestion. With a tendency to constipation, apricot, plum, carrot, prunes puree is recommended. The latter is given in addition to other fruit purees from 2 to 4 teaspoons per day.
From 5–6 months, more dense food is introduced into the child's diet - main complementary foods . The need for the introduction of complementary foods is due to the peculiarities of the development of the child. After four months of life, his neuropsychic development is proceeding at a rapid pace. The kid becomes more active, mobile, keenly interested in the world around him. Therefore, he no longer needs only breast milk or formula, as well as those small amounts of nutritional supplements in the form of fruit juices and purees. Complementary foods are given in fairly large quantities and are actually independent nutrition, almost completely replacing first one and then several breastfeeds or formula. If the baby is breastfed, after each meal, it should be applied to the mother's breast. This creates the prerequisites for a longer preservation of lactation.
There are various special programs that provide for the gradual introduction of various complementary foods into the child's diet. The choice of the first product of the main complementary foods is carried out taking into account the state of the digestive system and the developmental features of the child. For children with low body weight, single regurgitation, episodic colic and flatulence, as well as absolutely healthy babies, cereals (grain complementary foods) can be recommended as the first complementary foods. At present, cereals industrial production, which are prepared from environmentally friendly raw materials, using modern technologies, which improves their absorption. They have a stable composition, good taste and guaranteed microbiological parameters. Porridges are enriched with vitamins and minerals necessary for the growing body of a child and are of great importance for the prevention of a number of alimentary-dependent diseases, such as anemia, rickets, malnutrition, which often occur in children in the second half of life. One of the advantages of instant cereals is the possibility of their quick preparation, without boiling. The range of industrial cereals is quite wide and involves the use of various cereals: buckwheat, oatmeal, rice, barley, corn, etc. Porridges are made from one type of cereal (monocomponent), and using 2 or more cereals (polycomponent).
There are gluten-containing cereals (semolina, oatmeal, barley) and gluten-free (buckwheat, corn, rice). It is not recommended to introduce gluten-containing cereals into the child's diet before 6 months of age. This is a preventive measure for the occurrence of allergic reactions to gluten, as well as early manifestations of celiac disease. Porridges can be dairy or dairy-free. The latter are diluted with breast milk or infant formula received by the child. They are especially necessary for children who are allergic to cow's milk proteins and lactase deficiency. In the future, gluten-containing cereals (oatmeal, barley, wheat, semolina) and cereals from a mixture of cereals can be used.
There are also varieties of cereals. These primarily include soluble biscuits. For its preparation, wheat, oat flour is used, with the addition of various food ingredients (milk, sugar, malt extract, corn starch, egg yolk, etc.). An obligatory component of instant biscuits are vitamins especially necessary for a child (groups B, C, beta-carotene) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron). Instant biscuits can usually be used from 5 months. both in its natural form, which contributes to the formation of the act of chewing, and in the form of cereals, which is especially convenient in road conditions.
With increased body weight or delayed stools (difficult defecation), vegetable puree can be offered as a starting complementary food from 4–6 months of age. Vegetable puree is a source of organic acids, potassium, iron and dietary fiber, including pectins. Certain types of vegetables (carrots, pumpkin, spinach, etc.) are rich in beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. At the beginning, vegetable puree should consist of one type of vegetable with delicate fiber, such as zucchini. Further, it is advisable to use a combination of 3-4 vegetables. Vegetable purees can be monocomponent (cauliflower, zucchini, carrots, etc.) and polycomponent (cauliflower and pumpkin, or zucchini, carrots and potatoes). Multicomponent purees can contain not only various vegetables, but also a combination with fruits (apple-carrot, pumpkin-apple, etc. ). Multicomponent vegetable purees are richer in the spectrum of nutrients and therefore more useful, but it is recommended to introduce them after no negative reactions to individual vegetables have been noted (monocomponent vegetable purees). There are also combined vegetable purees, when meat (vegetable-meat) or fish (vegetable-fish) is added to vegetables. Vegetable purees, depending on the age of the child, come in 3 degrees of grinding: homogenized, puree and coarsely ground.
From 5–6 months, cottage cheese is introduced into the child's diet, which is a source of complete protein and calcium. Cottage cheese is introduced into the child's diet from small amounts. Gradually increase the dose and after 3-4 days bring it up to 20 g per day in one or two doses, then up to 40 g and by the year - up to 50 g per day. They give cottage cheese specially prepared for baby food in dairy kitchens or in baby food shops of dairy factories.
From 6 months, you can enter egg yolk . From 6 months - ¼, from 8 months. - ½ hard-boiled egg yolk. It must be carefully separated from protein, which is not given to children under 1 year old, as it is difficult to digest. The yolk can be given simultaneously with milk porridge or vegetable puree. However, children with food allergies should not be given yolk, as ovalbumin is a strong allergen. Meat is recommended to be introduced into the child's diet from 7 months with natural feeding and from 6 months with artificial feeding. In some cases, if the child lags behind in development, there are manifestations of rickets, anemia, meat can be given earlier (at 5.5 and even 5 months at the same time as vegetable puree).
Canned meat is a valuable source of: animal protein, iron, magnesium, B vitamins, including B12. Canned meats come in three degrees of grinding: homogenized (with a particle size of 0.4 mm), puree (with a particle size of 1.5 mm) and coarsely ground (with a particle size of 3 mm). Some manufacturers produce canned food in the form of meatballs, with vegetables, i.e. there is a formed dish. Canned meat can be monocomponent, multicomponent and combined, with vegetable raw materials (cereals or vegetables).
From 8–9 months vegetable soups can be introduced into the child's diet. Meat broths are currently not used in the nutrition of children under 1 year of age, as they mainly contain substances that cause irritation of the gastric mucosa. Soups are used as the first course when the child is already preparing lunch. They are given in a small amount of 30-50 ml to stimulate the function of the digestive glands and increase appetite. The small volume of the 1st dish is due to the importance of providing the child with the 20th dish in the required volume, as it is more complete in terms of nutrient content.
Expert advice:
- Take your time with the introduction of complementary foods. The baby's body is designed so that up to 4-6 months he can only digest mother's milk or adapted mixtures, and other products are unacceptable for him. That is why it is necessary to introduce new food very carefully, giving the child's body the opportunity to get used to it.
- With mixed and artificial feeding, it is recommended to introduce complementary foods two weeks earlier than with exclusive breastfeeding.
- Up to a year and a half, it is better to introduce each new juice with caution and in no case give the baby multicomponent juices until the child's reaction to each juice of the components of such a drink has been studied.
- Alternate complementary foods according to the nature of the products - if the first complementary foods were vegetables, then it is better to choose cereals as the second.
- If you prepare complementary foods yourself, do not do it for the future - all food for the baby should be fresh.
- Up to 1.5 years of age, it is categorically not recommended to add salt and sweeten the child's food. Sodium salt is poorly excreted and accumulates in the body, besides, the child's kidneys are not yet sufficiently developed. Sugar, on the other hand, contributes to the development of caries in milk teeth, loads the pancreas and forms a sweet habit in the baby.
Sample daily diet for a 6 month old baby
Feeding hour | Menu composition | Approximate amount g/ml |
06:00 | Breast milk or formula | 180–200 |
10:00 | Breast milk or formula fruit puree | 180 fifty |
14:00 | vegetable puree Fruit juice | 100 fifty |
18:00 | Breast milk or formula Cottage cheese Fruit juice | 180 twenty twenty |
22:00 | Breast milk or formula | 180–200 |
Example of a daily diet for a child aged 8-9 months
Feeding hour | Menu composition | Approximate amount g/ml |
06:00 | Breast milk or formula | 200 |
10:00 | Porridge Fruit juice | 170 fifty |
14:00 | vegetable puree Yolk Or meat puree Fruit juice | 170 ¼ pcs. fifty 400 |
18:00 | Kefir or baby milk Cottage cheese fruit puree | 180 40 60 |
22:00 | Breast milk or formula | 200 |
Sample daily diet for a 1 year old child
Feeding hour | Menu composition | Approximate amount g/ml |
08:00 | Milk porridge fruit puree Fruit juice | 200 thirty fifty |
12:00 | Vegetable broth with croutons vegetable puree steam cutlet Fruit or vegetable juice | 30/10 150 60 thirty |
16:00 | Kefir Cottage cheese fruit puree | 100 100 fifty |
20:00 | Vegetable puree or porridge Baby milk fruit puree | 100 100 fifty |
24:00 | Kefir or baby milk | 200 |
If the child continues to receive breast milk, then each feeding should end with the attachment of the baby to the mother's breast. At night, in this case, the child receives only the mother's breast. As a rule, after the introduction of all types of complementary foods into the diet of a child, it is possible to gradually wean him from the breast. However, it is not recommended to stop breastfeeding even after the full introduction of all types of complementary foods in the hot summer, when there is a high risk of developing intestinal diseases, and also if the child has any health problems. With sufficient lactation (if desired), even a completely healthy child can continue breastfeeding up to 1.5–2 years.
#PROMO_BLOCK#
Learn more about formula feeding on our blog.
What is important to know about complementary foods
In order for the baby to develop harmoniously, his nutrition must be balanced and correct. Children who are fed wisely, especially in the first year of life, are more protected from infections, diseases and weakened immunity. Your baby is growing and his mother's milk or formula is not enough for him, which means it's time for him to get acquainted with new food, that is, it's time to introduce complementary foods. We asked the pediatrician of the children's polyclinic Larisa Karlovna Trufanova to give some advice to mothers.
When to start complementary foods
Complementary foods should be introduced at different ages depending on the type of feeding:
- breastfed children: from 6 months
- children on artificial formula: from 4-5.5 months
What is complementary food? This is a gentle introduction to your child's diet of foods that will help him develop. The beginning of complementary foods is a very important period in the life of the baby and mother.
Some important rules for introducing complementary foods
- Only a healthy child should be introduced to a new food. Do not rush to introduce complementary foods during vaccinations or when the baby is teething
- Even if you have already started introducing new foods to your baby, your milk or infant formula remains the main food for your baby. Complementary foods should be given before breastfeeding or infant formula and preferably by spooning
- You cannot enter different products at the same time.
What foods to start complementary foods with
The sequence of introduction of different complementary foods (cereals, purees or juices) should be determined together with your pediatrician, based on the needs of the baby. We start complementary foods with one-component products: mashed potatoes or cereals. After all, only a single-component product will allow you to determine the reaction of the baby's body to one or another type of food.
One-component products are cereals without milk and sugar, consisting of one type of grain; vegetable or fruit puree and juices of one type of fruit or vegetable. It is better to offer the baby a new product in the morning in order to track the reaction to it during the day.
Important! If an allergy or a gastrointestinal disorder occurs, it will be possible to write down in the “food diary” which product the baby’s body reacts to (this way, you can identify the allergen in time and exclude it from the child’s diet).
If you started your first meal with cereals, it is better to eat gluten-free cereals.
Gluten is a protein of plant origin, it is partially absorbed by the child's body (may cause gluten entropy (digestion disorder caused by damage to the villi of the small intestine by certain foods).
Gluten-free cereals are rice, corn, buckwheat.
One-component fruit purees (apple, pear, prunes), vegetable purees (zucchini, cauliflower, broccoli) are ideal for starting complementary foods.
If the child refuses to eat
If your baby refuses to eat, for example, broccoli, you should not be upset. If a child initially refuses a new product, this does not mean that he does not like him, perhaps he is simply not yet ready for a new taste. Try to put this product aside and try to offer it to your baby in a few days.
Nutritionists believe that a child should be offered a new product up to 15 times to get used to it. Don't jump to conclusions about baby food based on your adult tastes. Do not add salt and sugar to baby food.
If your baby does develop a negative attitude towards a product, respect his choice and find a suitable replacement. For example, carrots can be replaced with pumpkin (both vegetables are sources of vitamin A), and broccoli with cauliflower.
How to introduce complementary foods
A one-component product should be introduced starting from half a teaspoon and given for 5-7 days, gradually increasing the volume (juices are given from drops).
Baby food: what to look for
When buying commercial baby food, it is very important not to forget to pay attention to the expiration date, which should be indicated on the package. Before using a new complementary food product, be sure to read the preparation instructions on the product packaging.
When opening jars and bottles, there should be a characteristic cotton, which indicates the tightness of baby food. If this does not happen, then this food should not be given. Never reheat food. It is advisable to use a special silicone spoon.
EXAMPLE SCHEME OF RATIONAL FEEDING OF CHILDREN IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE Download the scheme
Name of products and dishes | Age, months | |||||||||
0-1 | 2 | 3 | four | 5 | 6 | 7 | eight | 9 | 9-12 | |
Breast milk or adapted milk formula, ml | 700-800 | 800-900 | 800-900 | 800-900 | 700 | 400 | 300-400 | 350 | 200 | 200 |
Fruit juice, ml | 9009eight |
|
| According to indications | 5-30 | fifty | 70 | 80 | 90-100 | |
Fruit puree, g |
|
|
| According to indications | 5-30 | 40-50 | 60-70 | 80 | 90-100 | |
Curd, g |
|
|
|
|
| 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | fifty |
Yolk, piece |
|
|
|
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| 0. |