Easy feeder baby

November 28, 2011

There are several degrees of prematurity in newborns. Let's talk about each of them in detail.

If the baby is born prematurely - before the 37th week of pregnancy - he is considered premature. There are several degrees of prematurity in newborns. Light, as a rule, does not pose a danger to the health of the baby, heavy - requires serious medical care.

Mild prematurity

If the baby is born between 32 and 36 weeks of pregnancy, modern medical care allows him to avoid health problems.

Preterm breast milk

Full breastfeeding is not always available. So, premature babies, as a rule, do not have a sucking reflex - they are fed through a tube. It does not necessarily transfer the baby to artificial feeding. Pumping is the way out.

In some cases, in children with a mild degree of prematurity, the lungs do not have time to finally mature. They need additional help with breathing: artificial ventilation of the lungs or additional oxygen supply in the first days of life. Many babies with mild prematurity have feeding problems. Babies born before 34-35 weeks are not able to suckle on their own - they have to be fed with a tube. Therefore, babies born at this time are forced to stay in the children's department of a hospital or maternity hospital for several more weeks until they can start feeding on their own. In addition, within a few weeks, all premature babies may experience problems with maintaining body temperature. In this case, they are left at incubator - a special box for newborns - to maintain optimal temperature and monitor heart activity and respiration. In the future, after discharge, parents should carefully monitor the child's body temperature . It is easy for premature babies to overheat or catch a cold.

Moderate prematurity

The baby is born at 28-31 weeks of pregnancy. In children born at this time, the lungs are not yet fully ripe for breathing. Typically, they require assistance in the form of mechanical ventilation or a constant stream of oxygen-enriched air to maintain positive airway pressure. Most children with moderate prematurity need such help within a fairly short time. If the child is on artificial lung ventilation, he is fed through an intravenous catheter. Children who breathe on their own, can feed on mother's milk through a tube until they can suckle on their own.

Severe prematurity

The baby is born before the 28th week of pregnancy. Previously, such children survived extremely rarely, but modern medicine allows you to nurse such babies. Almost all children born at this time have not yet developed lungs - most of them require mechanical ventilation or oxygen-enriched air flow. The lungs can maintain respiratory function from 22-24 weeks of fetal development, but the alveoli, necessary for the normal absorption of oxygen, develop only at 28-30 weeks of pregnancy. In addition, severely premature babies cannot feed themselves and maintain body temperature. Parents of such babies need to understand that the child is will stay in the children's ward for a long time.

Why is it dangerous for babies to be born prematurely?

Babies who were born before the 37th week of pregnancy may have problems associated not only with the lack of a sucking reflex. The shorter the period at which the child was born, the higher the risk of developing various diseases characteristic of premature babies.

Underdeveloped lungs

Pulmonary disorders are the most dangerous. For example, neonatal difficulty breathing syndrome in which the baby's immature lungs cannot fully expand. For a breath the child should make considerable efforts. These children need artificial respiration support.

Respiratory arrest

In premature babies, the respiratory center of the brain is not yet fully formed. If a person does not breathe often enough, the command from the brainstem compensates by breathing deeper. Newborn babies, on the other hand, breathe shallowly and irregularly, and they have periods of too slow breathing. If they occur too often, doctors talk about development of respiratory arrest, or apnea .

Nine months

While you are expecting a baby, thinking about renovating the nursery and buying everything you need, your child is growing and developing. Find out how the baby lives in these nine months.

A baby with such a disorder needs constant monitoring in the first weeks of life. As the child grows, the risk of sleep apnea decreases.

Features of the heart

During fetal development, the baby's blood practically does not pass through his lungs due to the peculiarities of the structure of the heart. The heart of the embryo pushes blood from the right ventricle not into the pulmonary artery, but into the aorta through an opening called the ductus arteriosus. Shortly after birth, in full-term babies, it overgrows, and in premature babies, it may remain open. This puts more stress on the lungs and heart. This condition requires medical or even surgical treatment.

Infections, metabolic problems and blindness

Infections affect premature babies more often than babies born at term. One of the reasons for this vulnerability is the immaturity of the immune system , in which antibodies are produced in insufficient quantities in the child's blood. Also dangerous for premature babies are viral infections, which cause only mild cold symptoms in other babies. In addition, premature babies may have problems with absorption of nutrients, as well as a lack of hemoglobin associated with a low rate of formation of red blood cells - erythrocytes. Premature babies can also develop retinal damage - retinopathy of prematurity without early treatment leading to blindness . That is why premature babies should remain under the supervision of neonatologists from birth until the moment when their body is ready for independent living.

Most important

A child born even before the 28th week of pregnancy can not only survive, but over time catch up with full-term babies in development. All premature babies require careful care and supervision of doctors in order to avoid diseases caused by the immaturity of their body.

To leave a comment - you must be an authorized user

How to feed a child in 1 year? Balanced baby nutrition: sample diet

Proper nutrition of a child in a year is an important condition for harmonious growth and development. In addition, a properly composed diet helps to strengthen the immune system. Receiving new products, the baby gradually gets acquainted with the diet. Pediatricians advise paying attention to the child's diet, its proper balancing.

Nuances of nutrition

The diet of a child in 1 year is subject to the following principles:

• should be complete, meet all the needs of the body, provide vitamins, micro- and macroelements;
• diversity. As many combined foods as possible should be present in the diet daily;
• all food must be chopped.

To properly balance the diet, it is necessary to include specialized foods. They should be designed according to the needs of the child's body in a year. If you have any doubts or questions regarding the nutrition of your baby, you can seek advice from our doctors. They will remotely select an individual diet, tell you about all the nuances of the nutrition of one-year-old babies.

The diet must not be violated

The most advantageous is the diet according to the schedule. An individual nutrition program helps to quickly accustom the child to the daily routine. Even intervals between meals will not let the baby get hungry. According to WHO, the diet of a child at 1 year old should include breakfast, lunch, dinner, and afternoon tea.

Meal plan for the day:

Important! When preparing food, it is necessary to refuse fried, fatty and fried foods. The first meat broths merge. Salt and sugar are added in a minimal amount.

Which products to prefer

WHO recommends including the following foods in the children's menu:

• dairy products. Children under the age of one year do not give milk in its pure form. It is replaced with breast milk or mixtures. Kefir and yogurt are introduced gradually. Their fat content should not exceed 3.2 percent. Sour cream and cheeses are allowed to be given no more than twice a week;
• cereals. Porridge for a one-year-old child is given only for children. Adult coarse cereals are poorly digested in the baby's body. Allowed: oatmeal, buckwheat, millet, corn, rice porridge;
• vegetables fruits. By the age of 1, the child is familiar with apples, pears, bananas, prunes, zucchini, broccoli, carrots, potatoes. After a year, kiwi, beets, peas, apricots, beans are introduced into the diet. Legumes are given twice a week. The rest of the vegetables and fruits are allowed for use every day;
• meat fish. Hake, pollock, cod are given twice a week, low-fat meat varieties - daily;
• oil. Butter and vegetable oils are added to ready meals. If the child already chews well enough, it is permissible to smear butter on bread. vegetable oils are chosen only unrefined;
• eggs. Up to a year it is allowed to introduce quail eggs, after a year they give chicken no more than three times a week.

Example from practice: One-year-old Pasha's mother made the following menu for him for the day, which she plans to feed him until he is 1.5 years old: For breakfast, porridge/vegetable dishes, cottage cheese 200 g, drink 100 ml. Lunch consists of salad - 30 g, soup - 50 g, second meat course - 50 g, vegetables / cereals - 70 g, compote - 100 ml. For an afternoon snack, mom offers ryazhenka or kefir - 150 ml, cookies, crackers - 15 g, juice, fruits - 100 g. For dinner, cereals / cottage cheese / vegetables are served - 180 g, fermented milk products - 100 ml, fruits - 50 g.

Further, the weight of the products will gradually increase with the age of Pasha. Mom made up the optimal variant of the diet together with specialists.

Prohibited products for children from the year

The list of products not recommended for baby food includes:

• any kind of sausages, sausages;
• fried food;
• smoked meats;
• exotic vegetables, fruits;
• caramel, chewing gum;
• products containing flavor enhancers, dyes; flavors.

Children are limited in food with a lot of cholesterol, nuts. The latter can cause an allergic reaction. It is not advisable to give mushrooms, as they overload the child's digestive tract. For all questions, you can contact our doctors at any time of the day. They will remotely adjust the diet and help balance it.

Norm of food per day for a one-year-old child

The total daily calorie content should not be less than or more than 1300 Kcal. However, these figures are relative, as each child is individual. Someone develops quickly, and someone vice versa. And such children may need a supplement in the diet.

For breakfast, babies should consume at least 300 ml, for lunch - 420 ml, for an afternoon snack - 180 ml, for dinner - 300 ml.

Dr. Komarovsky advises to purchase only seasonal products. In his opinion, they will be able to provide the maximum benefit for the growing body of the child.

One year old baby's menu for every day

Experienced doctors recommend feeding the baby up to 6 times a day. There should be 4 main meals.

Breakfast

In the morning, it is preferable to give milk porridge. Milk is diluted with water before use. Proportions for cereals: 200 ml of milk per 2 tablespoons of cereals. Twice a week it is permissible to serve an omelet from 1 egg. Prepare an omelette for a couple. You can add dill. It stimulates digestion. Wash down with compote, weak tea.

Snack

Yogurts and fruit purees are allowed here. They stimulate the production of gastric juice, digestion. A healthy snack is a baked apple with cookies. Fruit purees from jars, children's drinking yogurts are suitable.

Lunch

Lunch is the main meal. It can be only the first or second course, or maybe all together. Soups are cooked thick, rich, satisfying. Broths are prepared on boneless pulp. The first is drained, and vegetables are added to the second broth. Let's add some oil. The second offers cereals on the water, vegetables, salads, meat or fish. Spices, roasts are excluded.

Snack

For a small snack, cottage cheese casseroles, milk porridges, cheesecakes, cookies with compote, milk are suitable. Cow's milk is administered with caution. Start with small amounts, diluted with water. Observe the reaction, as cow's milk is considered an allergen.

Dinner

Dinner is scheduled five hours after the afternoon snack. Vegetable puree, porridge, stew with meat or fish are served. It is allowed to add a little oil to the stew.

When breastfeeding, the second dinner is allowed in the form of mother's milk. Children who are used to eating at night are gradually weaned from night feedings.

What to consider when formulating a diet

The nutrition of a one-year-old child should be in compliance with the regimen. You can also create a kind of ritual that will look like a joint table setting, decoration with bright napkins, original food serving.

If for some reason the child refuses to eat this or that product, he is not completely excluded from the diet. It is recommended to add it in small quantities, mixing with the main dish.

If the baby refuses to eat, it is recommended to shift the time. Perhaps the child did not have time to get hungry. Or you can go for a walk and work up an appetite.

All meals are served in turn. Don't put everything on the table at once. In this case, the baby will be confused, will try to try everything at once.

It is necessary to introduce new products with caution, in turn, starting with small portions. At the same time, the reaction of a small organism to innovations is closely monitored. In case of allergic reactions, the product is completely excluded.

Sweets in the form of confectionery, sweets, chocolate are not offered to kids. Small amounts of honey, syrups, jams, dried fruits, cookies are allowed.

FAQ

What must be present in the menu of a child at 1 year old?

+

The diet must be present: meat, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, bread, butter. Fish and eggs are given up to three times a week.

What are the most common mistakes parents make when preparing meals?

+

The most common mistake is a monotonous diet, consisting of the same products. It is important to try to feed your baby a variety of foods. This will allow him not only to get acquainted with new products, but also to replenish the stocks of necessary substances.

Is it permissible to include solid food in the diet if the teeth erupted a little?

+

Solid foods help form healthy eating habits. In addition, it is useful for teething. Hard pieces help form the correct bite.

Should I put my baby to sleep after eating?

+

After eating, the baby is drawn to sleep. However, putting him to bed right away is not right. If the child walked a lot, spent a lot of energy, in this case, yes, it is allowed to sleep after eating. In all other cases, after eating it is better to play.

What to do if a child refuses to eat with everyone at the age of one?

+

You can't force feed a child. It is important to form a strong habit with him that all meals with the family at a certain time.

Learn more

• 
  Feeding your baby breastmilk and formula
• 
  Night time food for 6 months baby
• 
  4 month baby bottle feeding
• 
  Baby feed frequency
• 
  How often babies feed by age
• 
  Baby food pouch maker infantino
• 
  How much do you bottle feed a newborn baby
• 
  Best foods for reflux babies
• 
  Best beginner baby food
• 
  Food for wild baby birds
• 
  Seven month baby foods